Proteins, quality control

Protein trafficking is the transport of proteins to their correct subcellular compartments or to the extracellular space ( secretory pathway ). Endo- and exocytosis describe vesicle budding and fusion at the plasma membrane and are by most authors not included in the term protein trafficking. Protein quality control comprize all cellular mechanisms, monitoring protein folding and detecting aberrant forms. 

The UPS also plays a major role in protein quality control. In a process known as endoplasmic associated degradation (ERAD), misfolded proteins, which are formed in the endoplasmatic reticulum, are translocated back to the cytoplasm and degraded by the proteasome. 

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Amino acid analysis remains an indispensable tool in a variety of biological research and development fields, e.g. the biochemical study of proteins, quality control in biotechnology and nutrition, and in clinical analyses. The classic chromatographic technologies will be for the foreseeable future the major quantitative tools for amino acid analyses. The techniques are deceptively difficult and there remains a need to standardize techniques for good quantitation. 

Kabashi E, Durham HD (2006) Failure of protein quality control in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Biochim Biophys Acta 1762 1038-1050. 

Brodsky, J. L., and McCracken, A. A. (1999). ER protein quality control and proteasome-mediated protein degradation. Sent. Cell Dev. Biol. 10, 507-513. 

Describe a hypothetical process that intervenes in the body s natural protein quality-control mechanism to improve health. 

Luce K, Osiewacz HD. (2009) Increasing organismal healthspan by enhancing mitochondrial protein quality control. Nat Cell Biol 11(7), 852-858. 

Kim J, Lowe T, Hoppe T. (2008) Protein quality control gets muscle into shape. Trends Cell Biol 18, 264-272. 

Cd binding may shield reactive cysteine thiolates and thereby prevent formation of disulfide bridges in nascent proteins and disrupt folding, resulting in inhibition of function and/or increased degradation by cellular protein quality control systems [220,480]. 

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