Protein translational control

Glucose transport activity is regulated through transcriptional and translational control of the GLUT proteins, through their activity, and through alterations of their intracellular distribution. Most importantly, the GLUT4 continuously cycles between an intracellular,... 

Storti, R.V., Scott, M.P., Rich, A. Pardue, M.L. (1980). Translational control of protein synthesis in response to heat shock in D. melanogaster cells. Cell, 22,825-34. 

Hershey, J. W. B., and Merrick, W. C. (2000). Pathway and mechanism of initiation of protein synthesis. In Translational Control of Gene Expression (N. Sonenberg, J. W. B. Hershey, and M. B. Mathews, eds.), pp. 33—88. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New York. 

Scheuner, D., Song, B., McEwen, E., Liu, C., Laybutt, R., Gillespie, P., Saunders, T., Bonner-Weir, S., and Kaufman, R. J. (2001). Translational control is required for the unfolded protein response and in vivo glucose homeostasis. Mol. Cell 7, 1165—1176. 

The X-ray structures of other aconitases have appeared in the literature. Recently, the crystal structure of human iron regulatory protein, IRPl, in its aconitase form, has been published. Iron regulatory proteins (IRPs) control the translation of proteins involved in iron uptake, storage, and utilization by binding to specific noncoding sequences of the corresponding mRNAs known... 

Despite the fluctuations in p27 protein levels during the cell cycle, the amount of p27 mRNA remains unchanged. Instead, p27 protein levels are regulated through translational controls (Hengst and Reed, 1996 Millard et... 

Bhisutthibhan, J., Pan, X.-O., Hossler, P.A., Walker, D.J., Yowell, C.A., Carlton, J., Dame, J.B., and Meshnick, S.R. The plasmodium falciparum translationally controlled tumor protein homolog and its reaction with the antimalarial drug artemisinin,. Biol. Chem., 273,16192,1998. 

Another way in which gene expression is regulated is by translational control, where the rate of protein synthesis is controlled at the point of transcription of mRNA into polypeptides (Appendix 5.6). Generally, the majority of the control mechanisms in bacteria is at the transcriptional level. Translational control is less well understood and appears to be a secondary mechanism in bacteria, but it is thought to be very important in eukaryotic organisms. 

Hershey, J. W. B., Protein phosphorylation controls translation rates. J. Biol. Chem. 264 20823, 1989. Describes how protein kinases are thought to regulate translation in eukaryotic systems. 

The synthesis of ribosomal proteins is regulated at the level of translation. Certain ribosomal proteins bind to specific sites on the ribosomal RNAs or their own mRNAs. In the absence of the ribosomal RNAs, they bind to their own mRNAs, which inhibits their translation. This form of translational control regulates the rate of synthesis of ribosomal proteins so that it does not exceed the rate of ribosomal RNA synthesis. 

Hinnebusch, A. G., Involvement of an initiation factor and protein phosphorylation in translational control of GCN4 mRNA. Trends Biochem. Sci. 15 148-152, 1990. 

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