Protein state fermentation

Albuquerque, P. M., Koch, F., Trossini, T. G., Esposito, E., and Ninow, J. L. (2006). Production of Rhizopus oligosporus protein by solid state fermentation of apple pomace. Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol. 49,91-100. 

Song, J., Xu, K., Ma, H., and Huang, J. (2005a). Method for producing single cell protein from apple pomace by dual solid state fermentation. Patent no. CN 1673343-A. 

Wheat bran, which contains cellulose, protein and other nutrients, is an excellent medium for solid-state fermentation [25,47]. Wheat bran is also widely used in other fermentation industries but is still too expensive for economic cellulase production. Agricultural residue is cheaper. For example [30,48], after pretreatment by 4 % NaOH at 121 °C for 0.5 -1.0 h, wheat straw was used as raw material. After mixing with nutrient salts, adding water to a water content of 80%, then adjusting the pH to 5.8, the medium was used for solid-state fermentation. The final cellulase activity was reported to be as high as 200-430 FPIU per gram of cellulose. Deschamps et al. [49] used a mixture of wheat straw and bran (80 20) as raw materials for solid-state fermentation the... 

Growth Characteristics of Microorganisms in Solid State Fermentation for Upgrading of Protein Values of Lignocelluloses and Cellulase Production... 

Regardless of the location of the protein and its state, cell separation needs to be inexpensive, simple, and reliable, as large amounts of fermentation-broth dilute in the desired product may be nandled. The objectives are to obtain a well-clarified supernatant and solids of maximum diyness, avoiding contamination by using a contained operation. Mechanical methods, almost exclusively centrifugation and... 

Many chemical changes occurring in living processes are catalyzed by enzymes which are complex protein substances produced by living cells. Enzymes are often present in colloidal state and are very specific in their catalytic action. Zymase obtained from yeast catalyses the fermentation of dextrose but is ineffective in breakdown of cane sugar. 

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