Eukaryotic proteins

Waskiewicz, A. J., Johnson, J. C., Penn, B., Mahalingam, M., Kimball, S. R., and Cooper, J. A. (1999). Phosphorylation of the cap-binding protein eukaryotic translation factor 4E by protein kinase Mnkl in vivo. Mol. Cell. Biol. 19, 1871—1880. 

Eukaryotic ribosomal RNA is transcribed in the nucleolus by RNA polymerase I as a single piece of 45S RNA, which is subsequently deaved to yield 28S rRNA, 18S rRNA, and 5.8S rRNA. RNA polymerase III transcribes the 5S rRNA unit from a separate gene. TTie ribosomal subunits assemble in the nudeolus as the rRNA pieces combine with ribosomal proteins. Eukaryotic ribosomal subunits are 60S and 40S. They join during protein synthesis to form the whole SOS ribosome. 

Liberek, K., Skowyra, D., Zylicz, M., Johnson, C., and Georgopoulos, C. (1991b). The Escherichia coli DnaK chaperone, the 70-kDa heat shock protein eukaryotic equivalent, changes conformation upon ATP hydrolysis, thus triggering its dissociation from a bound target protein, y. Biot. Chem. 266, 14491-14496. 

Proteins - Eukaryotic cells have several different RNA polymerases, each with a specialized function (Table 28.3). In addition to the special RNA polymerases that function in mitochondria and chloroplasts, there are three enzymes that transcribe various portions of the nuclear genome. Each of the nuclear RNA polymerases contains about a dozen subunits. In contrast to prokayotic systems, all of the eukaryotic RNA polymerases require additional protein factors (transcription factors) in order to bind to a promoter and initiate transcription. Transcription factors seem to play a major role in determining selectivity in the transcription of genes. 

The answer is (c). While prokaryotic ABC proteins are often muftisubunit proteins, eukaryotic ABC proteins usually contain both membrane spanning and ATP-binding domains on the same polypeptide. 

E-I [gene=eIF4E] [protein=eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-I]... 

Messenger RNA (mRNA) is synthesized by the transcription of DNA and transported to the cytoplasm where it serves as a template for the synthesis of proteins. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a part of the ribosomes, which consist of rRNA and proteins. Eukaryotic ribosomes contain four different rRNA molecules 18S, 5.8S, 28S, and 5S rRNA. rRNA makes up to 80% of the RNA molecules. 

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