Protein binding of drugs

One of the plasma proteins which is mainly responsible for the plasma protein binding of drugs. Its level is known to be elevated in some pathological states, such as inflammation. 

Kratochwil NA, Huber W, Muller F, Kansy M and Gerber PR. Predicting plasma protein binding of drugs a new approach. Biochem Pharmacol 2002 64 1355-74. 

L. Notarianni, Plasma protein binding of drugs in pregnancy and in neonates, Clin. Pharmacokinet, 18, 20 (1990). 

Plasma contains a large variety of proteins, all of which have the potential to interact with drugs. Albumin is generally considered to be the most important contributor to the plasma protein binding of drugs (GIO, Gil, M16), but for some, e.g., steroids, other proteins play a major role. 

Some disease states (e.g., hyperalbuminemia, hy-poalbuminemia, uremia, hyperbilirubinemia) have been associated with changes in plasma protein binding of drugs. For example, in uremic patients the plasma protein binding of certain acidic drugs (e.g., penicillin, sulfonamides, salicylates, and barbiturates) is reduced. 

Since milk is more acidic (pH 6.5) than plasma, basic compounds (e.g., alkaloids, such as morphine and codeine) may be somewhat more concentrated in this fluid. In contrast, the levels of weak organic acids will probably be lower than those in plasma. In general, a high maternal plasma protein binding of drug will be associ-... 

Grandison, M.K. and Boudinot, ED. (2000) Age-related changes in protein binding of drugs implications for therapy. Clin Pharmacokinet 38 271-290. 

Marked differences in the drug-binding capacity of plasma proteins exist among mammalian species. Variations in the plasma protein binding of drugs may contribute to the species differences in the tissue levels of the drugs, their toxicity, and overall kinetics, particularly if the binding is extensive. 

J.J.H.M. Lohman, in Plasma Protein Binding of Drugs, Implications for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Thesis, Leiden, The Nerherlands (1986). 

Kurz H, Trunk H, Weitz B (1977) Evaluation of Methods to Determine Protein-binding of Drugs. Arzneimittelforschung (Drug Research) 27(7) 1373-1380 Nakai D, Kumamoto K, Sakikawa C et al. (2003) Evaluation of the Protein Binding Ratio of Drugs by A Micro-Scale Ultracentrifugation Method. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 93 847... 

Kratochwil, N. A., Huber, W, Muller, F., Kansy, M., Gerber, P. R. Predicting plasma protein binding of drugs A new approach, Biochem. Pharmacol. 2002, 64, 1355-1374. 

VII. INTERETHNIC DIFFERENCES IN ENANTIOSELECTIVE PLASMA PROTEIN BINDING OF DRUGS... 

W. E. Muller, Stereoselective plasma protein binding of drugs, Drug Stereochemistry Analytical Methods and Pharmacology (I. W. Wainer and D. E. Drayer, eds.), Marcel Dekker, New York, 1988, p. 227. 

The plasma protein binding of drugs bound to albumin and AAG in neonates is significantly lower than that... 

Table 3 Altered plasma protein binding of drugs associated with renal dysfunction...

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