Protein-based approach

Whether the plausible models are solutions obtained by a ligand-based or protein-based approach, the first validation screen is certainly the expert himself or herself, who will discard unsatisfactory solutions before further analysis. 

As described above, most efforts in the development of efficient strategies for presentation of these carbohydrate antigens to the immune system have traditionally relied on the use of a carrier protein, such as KLH, and a potent immunoadjuvant such as QS-21, to enhance the T-cell response. However, more recently, in order to produce substantial levels of both IgM and IgG antibodies capable of reacting with tumor cell lines, increased attention has been drawn to the development of approaches to induce T-cell dependent immunogenic pathways, which either obviate or supplement standard carrier protein-based approaches. 

---