Protamine sulfate toxicity

In the present study, the polysaccharide alginic acid (AlA) with molecular weight (Mw) of 250 000 was chosen as a polyanion. The strong basic protein protamine sulfate (PtS) with Mw about 5000 was used as a polycation. The calcium carbonate matrices were successively employed as a core material because they dissolve in mild conditions and are non toxic. Our motivation to study this combination was to reach the more biocompatible shell composition. 

Vitamin K is the antidote for Coumadin toxicity. Protamine sulfate is the antidote for heparin toxicity. 

Protamide LMFAB. See Lauramide DEA Protamide LNO. See Linoleamide DEA Protamide MEAA. See Acetamide MEA Protamide MRCA. See Myristamide DEA Protamide SA. See Stearamide DEA Protamide X-45-B. SeeCocamide DEA Protamine sulfate CAS 9009-65-8 53597-25-4 Synonyms Salmine sulfate Definition Mixt. of simple proteins obtained from the sperm or testes of certain species of fish has property of neutralizing heparin Toxicoiogy LD50 (IP, rat) 120 mg/kg, (IV, rat) 75 mg/kg, (subcut., mouse) 200 mg/kg poison by IP, IV, subcut. routes human systemic effects (anaphylaxis, blood pressure decrease, decreased urine vol.) TSCA listed Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Heated to decomp., emits very toxic fumes of NOx and SOx Uses Pharmaceuticals (parenterals, injectables)... 

Mora and coworkers201 studied the in vivo interaction, in mice, of toxic levels of cationic macromolecules with the carboxyl and sulfate derivatives of polyglucose. Toxic levels of polymyxin, protamine, streptomycin, and neomycin could be counteracted, if the synthetic macroanions were injected five to ten minutes after administration of the proteins. Subcutaneous administration of the anionic polyglucoses prior to intra-peri toneal injection of toxic levels of basic proteins afforded protection to the mice, and also demonstrated that the animals could survive, even when the two injections were by different routes. 

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