Prostanoid receptors signal transduction

Bos CL, Richel DJ, Ritsema T, Peppelenbosch MP, Versteeg HH. Prostanoids and prostanoid receptors in signal transduction. Int. J. Biochem. Cell. Biol. 2004 36 1187-1205. 

The properties of the prostanoid receptors, such as second messengers in signal transduction pathways, and localization in the eye are summarized in Table 2.1. Prostanoid receptors are widely distributed in the monkey and human eyes [5]. The expression and localization of the FP and EP receptor subtypes in the tissues was studied intensely by in-situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry to gain a better understanding of the ocular effects of the prostanoids and their analogues. This work suggests a wide distribution but differential expression of FP and EP receptor subtypes in human ocular tissues. The highest expression of FP receptor mRNA and protein was found in the corneal epithelium, ciliary... 

Another way of looking at the relations among prostanoid receptors is from the standpoint of the signal transduction mechanisms that they engage. Figure 5.8 depicts a phylogenetic tree obtained by comparing the deduced amino acid sequences of the cloned human prostanoid receptors.Such comparison delineates two main receptor subfamilies—one coupled to the stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity (DP, IP, EP2) and another to the increase in intracellular calcium levels (TP, EPi, FP, EP3). 

Fig. 5.8. Phylogenetic comparison of the prostanoid receptor family. Sequence analysis allowed definition of two main subfamilies of prostanoid receptors, which may also be distinguished by their different signal transduction mechanisms. (Redrawn from ref. 69.)...

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