Prorocentrum maculosum

Hu, T, Curtis, J. M., Walter, J. A., MacLachlan, J. L., and Wright, J. L. C. (1995b) Two new water soluble DSP toxin derivatives from the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum maculosum Possible storage and excretion products. Tetrahedron Letters, 36, 51, 9273-9276. 

Zhou, J. and Fritz, L., Okadaic acid antibody localizes to chloroplasts in the DSP-toxin producing dinoflagellates Prorocentrum lima and Prorocentrum maculosum, Phycologia, 33, 455, 1994. Cembella, A.D., Occurrence of okadaic acid, a major diarrhetic shellfish toxin, in natural populations of Dinophysis spp. from the eastern of North America, J. Appl. Phycol, 1, 307, 1989. 

MacPherson, G.R. et al.. Studies of the biosynthesis of DTX-5a and DTX-5b by the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum maculosum Regiospeciflcity of the putative Baeyer-Villigerase and insertion of a single amino acid in apolyketide chain, J. Org. Chem. 68(5), 1659-1664, 2003. 

Prorocentrolide has been isolated from Japanese and Taiwanese strains of the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima [37,38], A congener, prorocentrolide B, was found in a Japanese strain of Prorocentrum maculosum [39], Spiro-prorocentrimine was extracted from an unidentified benthic Prorocentrum species from Taiwan [37], while symbioimine and neosymbioimine were found in a symbiotic marine dinoflagellate of the species Symbiodinium in Japan [40,41],... 

Faust M.A. Three new benthic species of Prorocentrum (Dinophyceae) from Twin Cays, Belize P. maculosum spp. nov., P. foramina sum spp. nov. and P. formosum spp. nov. Phycologia, 32,410-418, 1993. 

Several toxins containing a cyclic imine were isolated from dinoflagellates of the genera Prorocentrum and Gytnnodi-nium as well as from bivalve moUusks such as Pinna muricata. Prorocentrolides A and B were isolated from Prorocentrum lima and P. maculosum, respectively they contain a macrolactonic cycle with 28 elements but their stereochemistry is not yet completely known. 

---