Properties of Engineering Materials

A broad comparison of the properties of metals, ceramics, and polymers is given in Table 4.1. Very many properties, or qualities, of materials have to be considered when choosing a material to meet a design requirement (see Table 4.2). 

Corrosion and Materials Selection A Guide for the Chemical and Petroleum Industries, First Edition. Alireza Bahadori. 2014 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Pnbhshed 2014 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. 

Thermal conductivity Medium Medium, but often decreases rapidly with temperature Very low 

Chemical resistance Low to medium Excellent Generally good 

Oxidation resistance at Poor, except for rare Oxides excellent, SiC - 

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The initial classification model of dispersion properties of engineering materials was obtained The algorithm of its creation includes ... 

Z. D. Jastrzebski, The Nature and Properties of Engineering Materials, 2nd ed., John Wiley Sons, Inc., New York, 1977 J. E. Gordon, The New Science of StrongMaterials, 2nd ed., Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J., 1976 A. G. Guy, Essentials of Materials Science, McGraw-HiU Book Co., Inc., New York, 1976. 

So far we have introduced the mechanical and physical properties of engineering materials, but we have yet to discuss a consideration which is often of overriding importance that of price and availability. 

Fig. 1.7. How the properties of engineering materials affect the way in which products are designed.

K. J. Pascoe, An Introduction to the Properties of Engineering Materials, 3rd edition. Van Nostrand, 1978, Chaps. 2,4. 

Baskes (1999) has discussed the status role of this kind of modelling and simulation, citing many very recent studies. He concludes that modelling and simulation of materials at the atomistic, microstructural and continuum levels continue to show progress, but prediction of mechanical properties of engineering materials is still a vision of the future . Simulation cannot (yet) do everything, in spite of the optimistic claims of some of its proponents. 

The principles of strength of materials are applied to the design of structures to assure that the elements of the structures will operate reliably under a known set of loads. Thus the field encompasses both the calculation of the strength and deformation of members and the measurement of the mechanical properties of engineering materials. 

It is common that mechanochemical degradation involves scission of the macromolecule, so one basic question would be to inquire about the level of stress necessary to separate two chemical moieties which have been attached by a covalent bond. Besides the academic interest, the breaking strength of a covalent bond is associated with the ultimate properties of engineering materials and has attracted considerable attention since the beginnings of quantum chemistry. 

Jastrzebski, Z., The Nature and Properties of Engineering Materials, 2nd ed., John Wiley Sons, New York, 1976. 

Figure 6.3 The Fermi distribution function (a) at absolute zero and (b) at a finite temperature, (c) The population density of electrons in a metal as a function of energy. From Z. Jastrzebski, The Nature and Properties of Engineering Materials, 2nd ed. Copyright 1976 by John Wiley Sons, Inc. This material is used by permission of John Wiley Sons, Inc.

With an understanding of the structure and properties of engineering materials now firmly in place, we can discuss how these materials can be formed or fabricated into useful products and components. Most of the important processing methods are described here, with little or no distinction made between microscale and macroscale processes—for example, processes that form both integrated circuits and components for highway bridges are described here. The common thread is that all the chemical and physical phenomena needed to introduce these processing techniques have already been described in the previous chapters. 

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