Properties aluminum borate

X. Zhang, X. Zhang, B. Zhu, K. Lin, J. Chang, Mechanical and thermal properties of denture reinforced with silanized aluminum borate whiskers. Dent. Mater. J. 31 (6) (2012) 903-908. 

Table 3.4 Physical and Chemical Properties of Aluminum Borate Whiskers...

Wenyun Zhang, Yanbo Yuan, Qinghua Chen et al. Influence of nano-silica content on flexural properties of the aluminum borate whisker and silica filler composites resins. West China Journal of Stomatology, 29(4) 195-199, 2011. 

Xiaolan Hu, Guozheng Liang. Friction and wear properties of aluminum borate whiskers modified bismaleimide resin. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 21(6) 21-26, 2004. 

Calcium acetylide, 11 182-183 Calcium aluminum hydride, preparation and properties of, 8 327-329 Calcium borates, 25 218-219 stability ranges, 25 209-210 structures, 25 190-195, 197-199 in water, 25 218... 

Journal of Applied Polymer Science 89, No.3, 18th July 2003, p.753-62 MECHANOCHEMICAL IMPROVEMENT OF THE FLAME-RETARDANT AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ZINC BORATE AND ZINC BORATE-ALUMINUM TRIHYDRATE-FILLED POLY (VINYL CHLORIDE)... 

Boron differs from aluminum in showing almost no metallic properties and its resemblance to silicon is greater. Both boron and silicon form volatile, very reactive hydrides the hydride of aluminum is a polymeric solid. The halides (except BF,) hydrolyze to form boric acid and silicic acid. The oxygen chemistry of the borates and silicates also has certain resemblances. 

Manufacturers of various fillers continue studies on altemative systems. Most antimony oxide used as a fire retardant can be replaced by a combination of zinc borate without the loss of other properties (in some cases improvements are reported). Another option is to use the same filler systems which are used in polyethylene insulated cables and wires. These are based on magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide. These systems pcrfoim as flame retardants but require a high filler concentration which affects jacket resistance and mechanical performance. Recently, new coated grades have been developed which can be used at up to 65 wt% without the loss of properties or productivity (extrusion rates 2,500 m/min of cable are possible). ... 

Additives. Certain additives may be included with the catalyst system of the transition metal catalyst and MAO or borate cocatalyst in order to improve the polymerization activity or perhaps to adjust a polymer property into a useful range. Activators that have been reported for sPS polymerization include aluminum alkyls, hydrogen, and organometallic compoimds of tin and zinc. 

Commercial chemical fibers are combustible in nature, and improved FR properties must be considered in actual application. Most FR additives contain bromine (Br), chlorine (Cl), phosphorus (P), antimony, or aluminum. Among them, commonly used additives are additive brominated hydrocarbons and reactive brominated hydrocarbons, nonhalogenated phosphate esters, halogenated phosphate esters, trioxide antimony oxide, pentoxide antimony oxide and sodium derivatives, chlorinated hydrocarbons like chlorinated paraffin, and chlorinated cycloaUphatics. Others include chlorinated or brominated compounds, fluorinated compounds, magnesium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, melamine, molybdenum compounds, silicone polymer, and zinc borate. Sometimes, polymers are chemically modified, and N, P, Cl, fluorine (F), silicon (Si), and Br elements can be introduced into the polymer main chain [49]. 

Additives that impart smoke-suppressant properties to a composition tend not to be flame retardant. Conventional flame retardant and smoke-suppressant formulations include phosphorus-containing compounds such as a phosphoric acid ester, ammonium poly(phosphate) and red phosphorus, or halogen containing compounds such as tetrabromobisphenol A, decabromodiphenyl oxide and chlorinated polymers, and metal compounds such as magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide and zinc borate (4). 

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