Propane propanol

One of the most interesting papers on ascorbic acid-Cu reactions showed that ascorbic acid-Cu catalyzes the formation of ethylene from several precursors. The interest in ethylene was as an abscission agent in plants. All alcohols, aldehydes, acids, ethers, and epoxides formed ethylene when mixed with Cu and ascorbic acid in 5-mL closed bottles at 30 °C for 1 h. Methional was the most active, followed by propanal, propanol, propyl ether, ethyl ether, and ethanol. This reaction may be part of the oxygen scavenging system because Cu increases ascorbic acid s ability to scavenge oxygen. The authors claim this reaction cannot be attributed to copper in its lower valence state. 

Wisniak, J. Blacher, D. Grooper, D. Isobaric vapor-liquid equilibria in the systems 2,2 -oxybis[propane] + propanol and... 

Alcohols. Methanol, ethanol, n propanol, propan-i-ol.n-butanol, glycol, glycerol, benzyl alcohol, cyclohexanol. 

The reaction of 2 2 dimethyl 1 propanol with HBr is very slow and gives 2 bromo 2 methyl propane as the major product... 

Hydrogenation gives aUyl alcohol [107-18-6] C H O, its isomer propanal [123-38-6] (20), or propanol, C H O [71-23-8] (21). With acidic mercuric salt catalysts, water adds to give acetol, hydroxyacetone, C2H 02 [116-09-6] (22). 

MMA and MAA can be produced from ethylene [74-85-1/ as a feedstock via propanol, propionic acid, or methyl propionate as intermediates. Propanal may be prepared by hydroformylation of ethylene over cobalt or rhodium catalysts. The propanal then reacts in the Hquid phase with formaldehyde in the... 

Propanol has been manufactured by hydroformylation of ethylene (qv) (see Oxo process) followed by hydrogenation of propionaldehyde or propanal and as a by-product of vapor-phase oxidation of propane (see Hydrocarbon oxidation). Celanese operated the only commercial vapor-phase oxidation faciUty at Bishop, Texas. Since this faciUty was shut down ia 1973 (5,6), hydroformylation or 0x0 technology has been the principal process for commercial manufacture of 1-propanol ia the United States and Europe. Sasol ia South Africa makes 1-propanol by Fischer-Tropsch chemistry (7). Some attempts have been made to hydrate propylene ia an anti-Markovnikoff fashion to produce 1-propanol (8—10). However, these attempts have not been commercially successful. 

Hydroformylation and Hydrogenation. The production of 1-propanol by hydroformylation or 0x0 technology is a two-step process ia which ethylene is first hydroformylated to produce propanal. The resulting propanal is hydrogenated to 1-propanol (eqs. 1 and 2). 

Propane, 1-propanol, and heavy ends (the last are made by aldol condensation) are minor by-products of the hydroformylation step. A number of transition-metal carbonyls (qv), eg, Co, Fe, Ni, Rh, and Ir, have been used to cataly2e the oxo reaction, but cobalt and rhodium are the only economically practical choices. In the United States, Texas Eastman, Union Carbide, and Hoechst Celanese make 1-propanol by oxo technology (11). Texas Eastman, which had used conventional cobalt oxo technology with an HCo(CO)4 catalyst, switched to a phosphine-modified Rh catalyst ia 1989 (11) (see Oxo process). In Europe, 1-propanol is made by Hoechst AG and BASE AG (12). 

Fig. 3. Synthesis of fluoxetine (31). 3-ChIoro-I-phenyl-I-propanol reacts with sodium iodide to afford the corresponding iodo derivative, followed by reaction with methylamine, to form 3-(methyl amin o)-1-phenyl-1-propan 0I. To the alkoxide of this product, generated using sodium hydride, 4-fluorobenzotrifluoride is added to yield after work-up the free base of the racemic fluoxetine (31), thence transformed to the hydrochloride (51)...

The substitution of one hydroxyl radical for a hydrogen atom in propane produces propyl alcohol, or propanol, which has several uses. Its molecular formula is C3H7OH. Propyl alcohol has a flash point of 77°F and, like all the alcohols, bums with a pale blue flame. More commonly known is the isomer of propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol. Since it is an isomer, it has the same molecular formula as propyl alcohol but a different structural formula. Isopropyl alcohol has a flash point of 53 F. Its ignition temperamre is 850°F, while propyl alcohol s ignition temperature is 700 F, another effect of the different stmcture. Isopropyl alcohol, or 2-propanol (its proper name) is used in the manufacture of many different chemicals, but is best known as rubbing alcohol. 

The first compound (propene) has six C-H bonds, giving an oxidation level of -6 the second (2-propanol) has one C—O bond and seven C-H bonds, giving an oxidation level of -6 the third (acetone) has two C-O bonds and six C-H bonds, giving an oxidation level of -4 and the fourth (propane) has eight C-l I bonds, giving an oxidation level of -8. Thus, the order of increasing oxidation level is... 

CHaCHtCHj propane CH,CHiCHjOH 1-propanol propyl alcohol CHiCHsCH,NH, 1-propylamine... 

Nitroparaffins, Explosives Derived From. Although mononitroparaffms are generally not expl, they can be used for the prepn of expls Aaronson (Ref 1) nitrated nitroisobutyl-glycerin to Nitroisobutylgjycerintrinitrate, 2-nitro-2-methyl-l,3-propane diol to 2-Nitro-2-methyl-l, 3-propanedioIdinitrate, and 2-nitro-2-methyl-l-propanol to 2-Nitro-2-methyl-l-pro-panolnitrate. Their prepn and characterization follow ... 

Photolysis, apparatus for, 55, 17 Phthalimide, N-amino- [ 1//-Isoindole-1,3-(2//)-dione, 2-amino-, 55, 115 Potassium rew-butoxide [2-Propanol, 2-methyl-, potassium salt], 55,12, 13 Potassium iodide, 55, 71 Potassium permanganate [Permanganic acid, potassium salt], 55,68 Propane, 2,2 dimethyl 1 phenyl, 55, 112 Propane, 2 isocyano-2-methyl-, 55, 96... 

Diphenyl-1,3-propandiol wird dagegen mit Titan(III)-chlorid/Lithiumalanat zu ei-nem Gemisch aus 12°/0 cis- und 49% trans- ,2-DiphenyI-cyclopropanJ 20% 1,3-Diphe-nyl-propanol, 15% 1,3-Diphenyl-propan und 5% trans-1,3-Diphenyl-propen (Gesamt-ausbeute der Cyclopropan-Verbindungen 40% d.Th.) reduziert3 ... 

Propansaure-amid kann in fliissigem Ammoniak/Kaliumbromid an Platin bei hoher Stromdichte selektiv zum Propanol (80% d.Th.), bei niedriger Stromdichte selektiv zum Propanal reduziert werden. In Butanol/Kaliumbromid entsteht ausschlieBlich Propanol (90% d.Th.)7. 

Propanol reacts with lead tetraacetate in boiling benzene solution to give a complex mixture of products including 1-propylacetate (35 %) and 1,1-dipropoxy-propane (10 The intermediate RCH2CH2-0-Pb(0Ac)3 is considered to... 

In the hydroxylation of n-propane to n-propanol by Nocardia paraffinicum (Rhodococcus rhodochrous) ATCC 21198, the ratio of hydrocarbon to oxygen consumed was 2 1 and this suggests that the reaction of two molecules of propane and one molecule of dioxygen... 

Fig. 2. Left catalytic oxidation of C3 organic compounds over MgCr204. Conversion of propane A acetone X acrolein propene. Right catalytic oxidation of 2-propanol over MgCr204. conversion of 2-propanol selectivities to acetone A propene X COx-...

The gas mixture containing the nitrogen oxides is very important as well. Experiments and modeling carried out for N2/NOx mixtures, or with addition of 02, H20, C02 and hydrocarbons will be discussed. Typical hydrocarbon additives investigated are ethane, propene, propane, 2-propene-l-ol, 2-propanol, etc. As compared to the case without hydrocarbons, NO oxidation occurs much faster when hydrocarbons are present. The reaction paths for NO removal change significantly, in fact the chemical mechanism itself is completely different from that of without hydrocarbon additives. Another additive investigated extensively is ammonia, used especially in corona radical shower systems. 

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