Propagation tissue culture

The testing of disinfectants for virucidal activity is not an easy matter. As pointed out earlier (Chapter 3), viruses are unable to grow in artificial culture media and thus some other system, usually employing living cells, must be considered. One such example is tissue culture, but not all virus types can propagate under such circumstances and so an alternative approach has to be adopted in specific instances. The principles of such methods are given below. 

The concentration of antibody in tissue cultures of the hybridoma is low (10-60"gml- ) but the use of large culture vessels can obviate this. The hybridoma can also be propagated in mice where the antibody concentration in the serum and other body fluids can reach lOrngml. ... 

The culture of embryonic fibroblasts is used to obtain enough cells to perform prenatal diagnosis of inherited metabolic diseases (Box 1-D). Tissue culture is easiest with embryonic or cancer cells, but many other tissues can be propagated. However, the cells that grow best and which can be propogated indefinitely are not entirely normal the well-known HeLa strain of human cancer cells which was widely grown for many years throughout the world contains 70-80 chromosomes per cell compared with the normal 46. 

George, E. F., and P. D. Sherrington, Plant Propagation by Tissue Culture. Hants, England Exegetics Ltd., 1984. 

An immunogen induces antibodies from many B cell clones, producing a polyclonal antibody response. In contrast, the propagation of an isolated B cell clone produces an antibody of single specificity. However, the problem is that in tissue culture medium, B cells die within a few days of their isolation from, for example, a mouse spleen. To circumvent this problem, immortality can be conferred on B cells by means of viral transformation Epstein-Barr virus can be used. Alternatively, fusion to cancerous cells is carried out to generate hybrids or hybridomas. Generally, the former procedure is used to immortalize peripheral blood B cells and produce human monoclonal antibodies, while myeloma cells are used to produce murine monoclonal antibodies. 

Levy, L.W., "A Large Scale Application of Tissue Culture The Mass Propagation of Pyrethrum Clones in Ecuador", Environ. Exp. Botany 21. pp. 389-395 (1981). 

Despite the negative results of feeding experiments, it is clear that animals require myo-inositol for the synthesis of phospholipids (see p. 175), and, perhaps, for other purposes. Indeed, jra/o-inositol is necessary for the propagation, in culture, of 19 out of 20 lines of normal and malignant human and mouse tissues.122 It thus appears likely that only certain animal... 

George, E.F., Plant Propagation by Tissue Culture, Part 2, In Practice, Exegetics Ltd., Edington, England, 1993, pp. 1087-1089. 

Digitalis lanata Ehrh. (Scrophulariaceae), a biennial plant, is pharmaceutically important as a source of the cardenolides digoxin, lanatoside C, and deslanoside, which are commonly used in the treatment of heart diseases [4]. Tissue cultures of this plant have been investigated by many researchers [104, 105] for clonal propagation [106, 107] and the production [108, 109, 110 111] and biotransformation of cardenolides [112, 113, 114, 115]. 

HeLa cells A tissue culture of an aneuploid line of human epithelial cells propagated since 1952, derived from cervical carcinoma. 

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