Promotor regions

SETDBl/ESET (KMTIE) Cooperation with DNA methyl-transferase silencing of promotor regions in tumor cells [91] H3K9... 

Fig. 3.6. Principles of signal transduction by transmembrane receptors and nuclear receptors, a) transmembrane receptors receive the signal on the cell surface and convert it into an intracellular signal that can be passed on until it reaches the nucleus, b) In signal transduction via nuclear receptors the hormone enters the cell and binds the receptor either in the cytosol (R) or nucleus (R ). Nuclear receptors act as nuclear transcription factors that bind specific DNA elements (HRE hormone responsive element) found in the promotor region of regulated genes to control their transcription rate.

The promotor regions of eucaryotes often contain multiple repeats of DNA elements. In this case, there can be a tandem-like arrangement of the oligomers of a DNA-binding protein, allowing cooperative interactions and formation of higher-order complexes. 

It is assumed that trans-activating domains are structural elements that can adapt to become complementary to a surface of the transcription apparatus in a flexible and rather unspecific manner. Furthermore, parts of the trans-activating domain mediate contacts to the chromatin-remodeling and chromatin-modifying complexes and recruit these to the enhancer or promotor region. Information on the structure of... 

Central to the function of the p53 protein is its ability, as a transcription activator, to specifically bind to corresponding cis elements in the promotor region of various genes and to activate their transcription. The importance of sequence-specific DNA binding for the tumor-suppressing function of p53 became clear when the crystal structure of the complex of p53 protein and a corresponding DNA element was resolved and this structure was compared with the spectrum of known mutations of p53 protein occurring in human tumors (Cho et al., 1994). 

Expression of IBABP and ASBT is regulated by the famesoid X receptor (FXR), a nuclear orphan receptor (246, 247). A specific binding site for F3 was found on the promotor region of the IBABP gene, named bile acid response element (BARE) (248). The response was greatest in the presence of chenodeoxy-cholic acid (CDCA), whereas cholic acid was much less effective and the secondary bile acids deoxycholic and lithocholic acid had variable responses. 

Identification of proteins interacting with the promotor region of the secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene cluster... 

Tlie nuclear respiratory factors (NRF-1 and NRF-2) are nuclear transcription factors tfiat bind to and activate promotor regions of the nuclear genes encoding subunits of the respiratory chain complexes, including cytochrome c. They also activate the transcription of the nuclear gene for the mitochondrial transcription factor (mTF)-A. The protein product of this gene translocates into the mitochondrial matrix, where it stimulates transcription and replication of the mitochondrial genome. 

Menne S, Walz M, Kiick U (1994). Expression studies with the bidirectional pcbAB-pcbC promotor region from Acremonium chrysogenum using reporter gene fusions. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 42 57-66. 

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