Proliposomes

Potluri P, Betageri GV (2006) Mixed-micellar proliposomal systems for enhanced oral delivery of progesterone. Drug Deliv 13 227-232. 

Seltzer SE, Shulkin PM, Adams DF (1984) Usefulness of liposomes carrying losefamate for CT opacification of liver and spleen. Am J Roentgenol 143 575 Payne Nl, Whitehouse GH (1987) Delineation of the spleen by a combination of proliposomes with water-soluble contrast media an experimental study using computed tomography. Brit J Radiol 60 535... 

To increase the deposition surface for phospholipids or to make much thinner Llms, a method has been developed in which the lipids are dried down onto a Lnely divided particulate support such as powdered sodium chloride, sorbitol, lactose, or polysaccharide, giving a product known as proliposomes. When hydrating the dry powder while mixing with a whirl mixer, the phospholipids swell whereas the support rapidly dissolves to give a liposomal suspension of MLVs in an aqueous solution. 

Supersaxo, A., W.R. Hein, and H. Steffen. 1991. Mixed micelles as a proliposomal, lymphotropic drug carrier. Pharm Res 8 1286. 

Payne Nl, Cosgrove RF, Green AP, Liu L. In-vivo studies of amphotericin B liposomes derived from proliposomes effect of formulation on toxicity and tissue disposition ofthe drug in mice. J Pharm Pharmacol 1987 39 24-8. 

MEI method of liposome preparation is similar to the reported ethanol injection method (16, 17), proliposome preparation (17, 18), and coacervation methods (19). The differences... 

Nongonierma, A. B. Abrlova, M. Fenelon, M. A. Kilcawley, K. N., Evaluation of two food grade proliposomes to encapsulate an extract of a commercial enzyme preparation by microfluidization. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (2009) 57, 3291-3297. 

Large-Scale Manufacture of Particulate-Based Proliposomes.411... 

Proliposomes Produced Using Air-Jet (Fluid Energy) Milling.412... 

Large-Scale Manufacture of Ethanol-Based Proliposomes.413... 

There are many methods to prepare liposomes. This review will discuss only some of the commonly used methods. These include liposomes made by thin film hydration, reverse phase evaporation, freeze-drying, and proliposome methods. 

ProUposome technologies have been introduced as a potentially applicable resolution to the stability problems of liposomes. Proliposomes are phospholipid preparations that generate liposomes by addition of aqueous phase and shaking. Proliposomes can be classified into two types particulate-based proliposomes [48] and solvent-based proliposomes [49],... 

Particulate-based proliposomes are soluble carrier (e.g., carbohydrate) particles coated with phospholipids. The addition of aqueous phase results in the formation of MLVs [48,50], On a small scale, particulate-based proliposomes are made by placing the carrier particles in a round-bottomed flask. The flask is attached to a modified rotary evaporator with feed line. A chlorofonnic solution of lipid is coated dropwise onto the carrier particles via the feed line under reduced pressure. Solvent evaporation produces proliposomes which can be either hydrated innnediately by addition of aqueous phase, or stored in the freezer for future use. 

The carrier on which phospholipid is coated can be sorbitol [48,50-59], mannitol [60], sodium chloride, fructose, lactose, glucose [48], or sucrose [61,62]. Liposomes have been generated from proliposomes on addition of aqneons phase even under static... 

Zhang and Zhu [60] have combined two methods in preparing liposomes, by hydrating particulate-based proliposomes followed by freeze-drying. This approach has been reported to enhance the entrapment of amikacin compared to the same vesicles before freeze-drying or vesicles prepared by the thin film method. 

Solvent-based prohposomes are also referred to as alcohol- or ethanol-based proliposomes when ethanol is used as the solvent. Ethanol-based proliposomes are concentrated ethanohc solutions comprising phospholipid, ethanol, and aqueous phase (5 4 10 w/w/w). This proliposome mixture generates liposomes on dilution with aqueous medium [49]. The coexistence of ethanol and aqueous phase with phospholipids in this ratio has been shown to form stacked (precipitated) bilayers which generate liposomes when more aqueous phase is added [49]. 

Large-scale manufacture of particulate-based proliposomes 411... 

Depending on preparation conditions, liposomes generated from solvent-based proliposomes have been danonstrated to be OLVs [49], MLVs [64], a mixture of MLVs and OLVs [65,66], or, under static conditions, LUVs with the occasional presence of MLVs [67],... 

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