Prohibition arguments

Market failure arguments exist for government aid to some forms of research. Since the results of research are so broadly disseminated, it may be prohibitively expensive for private investors to charge the users of their discoveries. Thus the inventors are undercompensated, and underexpenditure arises unless the government provides aid. In addition, some theorists contend (and others deny) that governments are more farsighted than private firms. 

No valid argument can be presented alleging that DDT and chlordan spray in manufactured food products cannot be avoided. Therefore, this requires an interpretation of the Federal Food and Drug viewpoint to be that no DDT or chlordan will be tolerated in a manufactured food product. On the other hand, nothing in this federal act prohibits the use of. DDT and chlordan sprays, provided they do not actually contaminate the product. 

Few topics in biomedical research elicit the emotional response and frequent overreaction as does the subject of the use of live animals in the drug discovery and development process. In recent years, a worldwide movement of highly motivated activists has adopted, as one of its causes, the prohibition of the use of intact animals in research. Common arguments put forward to support this philosophy include ... 

Ultimately, the cultivation, sale, and possession of cannabis is illegal at present in most places. Individuals who use it for whatever purpose in most areas carry the risk of arrest and prosecution. From the perspective of addictiveness, it seems inconsistent that cannabis use is prohibited, while the use of alcohol and nicotine are permitted. Apart from arguments about the recreational use of cannabis, resistance to its medical application is even more inconsistent. For example, the opioids carry some risk for dependence, but with medical supervision they are useful medications and their abuse is minimal (Joranson et al. 2000). Whether use of cannabis is to be permitted and for which purposes (medical or recreational) remains to be collectively decided by society and the legislators it appoints. 

The State made the usual argument that the Second Amendment was not applicable to the states. It also argued that the prohibition of private militias was not in conflict with the power of Congress to oversee the organization of state militias. 

Works in this section advocate the control or prohibition of firearms based on a variety of arguments. Note that most pro-gun control books deal more specifically with gun crime and gun safety and thus will be found in those categories. 

Far from having a right to compensation, the balance of legal arguments seem heavily (and increasingly) weighted to the view that any such compensation is prohibited under State aid rules. Indeed, European competition law may create pressures to reduce the free allocations to industrial emitters so that they are proportionate with the (otherwise) forgone profits from prior to the introduction of ETS (Johnston, this issue). 

The dimerization of acyclic polyenes in which all n bonds are lost would lead to the open structures of (54) and (55). A schematic orbital correlation diagram (Fig. 15) for process (54) shows that allyl dimerization is improbable. The cyclization of higher acyclic polyenes, e.g. to cis-or trans-7 in (55), is subject toa similar prohibition, but the formation of 8 is allowed. In general, processes in which the products retain elements of symmetry inherent in the reactants are symmetry-forbidden the argument used to demonstrate this is analogous to that used for ethylene. One dimerization of 1,3-butadiene, namely to 9, is unique this... 

The second approach is the one followed by Drouen et al. [502]. It is based on the experience that only in very few cases does the optimization of a quaternary mobile phase composition in RPLC yield an optimum that is truly quaternary, i.e. contains all four solvents. Hence, the procedure discussed before for ternary solvents usually leads to the global optimum. This argument, correct though it may be, only applies to the particular problem of mobile phase optimization in RPLC, and prohibits the application of the same method to other two-parameter optimization problems [582]. 

Secondly - and this is the most important argument - the ethically correct evaluation that even one victim would be too many must not be a pretext for prohibiting scientific research. This is intolerable for the simple reason that science must always be allowed to find precise answers. What would we think of an official who demanded that a physicist not be allowed to determine the exact... 

The anti-kickback statutes are intended to prevent overuse of and overcharging for medical products that are subject to government reimbursement either under Medicaid or Medicare (or other government-reimbursed health care programs). They prohibit any activity in which a medical products company may try to persuade, other than with sound therapeutic arguments, a physician or another health care provider or facility to use a particular product. 

So, perhaps you can see why there seems to be neverending discussion about how to regulate alcohol, with opinions ranging from reinstating Prohibition to allowing freer use. What arguments on each side can you think of What policy would you end up with if given the responsibility to write one ... 

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