Programming languages, BASIC PASCAL

The point is that Mathcad allows an effective (quick) problem definition and solution. There was such enthusiasm when high-level programming languages (Fortran, Pascal, BASIC, etc.) substituted assembly (low-level) computer codes. Exchanging higher-level computer languages for Mathcad now has removed the additional link between a computer and a specialist known as a programmer. 

The book explains how to solve coupled systems of ordinary differential equations of the kind that commonly arise in the quantitative description of the evolution of environmental properties. All of the computations that I shall describe can be performed on a personal computer, and all of the programs can be written in such familiar languages as BASIC, PASCAL, or FORTRAN. My goal is to teach the methods of computational simulation of environmental change, and so I do not favor the use of professionally developed black-box programs. 

Years ago, the choice of a programming language was a very simple one. Chemistry was dominate almost entirely by the Fortran language. Today, the choice is mainly made between Fortran, Pascal, and Basic. Because each of them has its own... 

Basically, this is the point of view (a little exaggerated, perhaps) of the WEB system of programming invented by Knuth for the generation of structured and documented programs in the Pascal language. Thanks to the efforts of Silvio Levy and John Krommes, the WEB system is available to FORTRAN, C and Ratfor programmers since 1990. 

Algorithmic programming languages, such as BASIC, Pascal, or C, do not support logical programming. Inferences would have to be performed by means of an additional interpreter that is built externally. This is feasible in principle, but quite laborious. 

C is known as an operator-rich language for good reason. It has many operators, and they can be used in ways that are not allowed in tamer languages, such as Pascal. The basic arithmetical and logical operators, detailed in Table III, are present in most programming languages. The only unusual operators in Table III are increment and decrement. For ordinary numeric variables, increment or decrement is simply addition or subtraction of one. Thus the expression... 

Programming in high level languages (e.g., BASIC, C++, Fortran, Pascal etc.)... 

---