High-level programming languages

Ability to program in high level languages to a) display the chromatograms, and b) perform statistical analysis on chromatographic data. 

Programming in high level languages (e.g., BASIC, C++, Fortran, Pascal etc.)... 

By electronic engineering, a system of interconnected switching devices is able to respond in one of only two modes (on or off), and these modes can be controlled at the basic level of a bit. Bits are assembled into bytes, as with an 8-bit device, and through programming of the bytes a computer central processor can be made to follow sets of instructions (programs) written in special languages, either at a direct level (machine code) that can be acted upon immediately by a computer or at a high level that is translated for the user into machine code. 

Software programs are usually written in a more user-friendly high-level language such as Fortran, Pascal, or C, which facilitates the tedious and labor-intensive task of writing a computer program. 

Although much easier to assemble, a software program written in a high-level language requires more time for the computer to execute, since all the instructions must be translated into machine code before the computer can understand them. Even a simple statement like start in a high-level language requires several machine-code moves to execute. 

Programming languages for the LCAP systems comprises traditional FORTRAN and FORTRAN-like directives which are interpreted by a precompiler developed in our laboratory. The directives provide syntactical constructs for interprocessor communication and synchronization. A detailed description of the implementation of our quantum chemistry package HONDO has been given elsewhere. (Dupuis, M. Watts, J. D. Theor. Chim. Acta, in press.) Our experience indicates that the calculations done in the study described above were executed in parallel at a very high level of efficiency. 

In standard high level language programming the dimension of the NSS n, signals the number of nested do loops which are necessary to reproduce the structure in a computational environment. But the mathematical usefulness of this entity can be easily recognized when the particular characteristic of this symbolic unit is analyzed the involved vector parameters could be chosen with arbitrary and variable dimensions. There are many scientific and mathematical formulae which will benefit of this property, when written in a paper or computationally implemented. 

It looks simple to introduce GNDL in the family of repetitive sentences found in high level languages. So we feel that a claim in this direction to language and compiler builders can be made here. Some immediate computational benefits in order to construct really general programs may be obtained. 

There are several kinds of extensibility built into RS/1. A full structured programming language called RPL is a part of the system. This language, stylistically similar to PL/I, also allows direct access to data objects such as tables and graphs, and allows the intermixture of high-level data management commands with traditional programming constructs. 

You may have heard the phrase executable specification. Mostly snake oil. The point about a spec is that it states the requirements of a particular user, which are usually partial. You must add decisions to make it work. An executable thing is usually a program even if it s written in a high-level language, or in pictures. 

Models are often best understood relative to the situation they are designed to describe if their constitutive variables are allowed to fluctuate statistically in a realistic way. Once a variable has been assigned a suitable density of probability distribution and the parameters of this distribution have been chosen, the fluctuations can be conveniently produced by using random deviates from statistical tables. A random deviate is a particular value of a standard random variable. Many elementary books in statistics contain tables of deviates from uniform, normal, exponential,. .. distributions. Many high-level computation-oriented programming languages (e.g., MatLab) and spreadsheets, such as Microsoft Excel, also contain random number generators. The book by Press et al. (1986) contains software that produces random deviates for the most commonly used probability distributions. 

---