Programmer efficiency

For simplicity intersections between pairs of lines ij and jk can be taken in numerical order, evaluating x(ijk) and Y(ijk) with i < j < k and k n, where n is the number of compounds. The maximum number of intersection points that need to be examined is 3), i.e. n(n-1)(n-2)/6. For Uo compounds it is 9880. This is not a very large number for a computer to handle because the actual calculations are very trivial. Nevertheless, methods are available for improving the programme efficiency as briefly described under program comparisons. 

Chemical mutagenesis of microbial strains typically produces mutants with a range of metabolite overproduction capabilities. In the case of S. citricolor, mutants have been isolated which produce either aristeromycin, or neplanocin A, or both molecules, at higher levels. In strain development programmes efficient identification of those mutants overproducing target molecules is of key importance. 

The activated sludge process for domestic wastewater treatment was introduced to the world in 1914.1 Since then, many studies have been conducted to improve the oxygen transfer efficiency. Among the aeration devices introduced have been a porous diffuser, a filter type diffuser, a mechanical aeration device, an orifice type diffuser and a fine-pore air diffuser. The aeration market is in a substantial state of flux in the USA today. Emphasis on high efficiency has led many intensive research programmes to aim at the evaluation of the design, operation and control processes to improve overall system performance. 

ICI Acrylics believes that greater cooperation between companies and a revised approach to life cycle analysis are the keys to the industry s future environmental sustainability. The company has invested over 2m pounds sterling in an on-going monomer recovery project, which encompasses a joint research programme with Mitsubishi Rayon. The project focuses on increasing the efficiency of acrylic depolymerisation and overcoming technical issues such as its use in recycling flame retardant acrylics. ICI ACRYLICS... 

In order to overcome the low efficiency of such selection programmes, some plant breeders resort to the expensive solution of growing huge... 

An efficient breeding programme for drought resistance is difficult to achieve by using the sole criterion of yield performance under stress, so... 

It is possible to determine components in complex EPs where matrix effects can be severe. For example, zinc (as zinc borate), chlorine (as dechlorane flame retardant), antimony (as oxide) and fibre-glass have been determined in nylon using just one standard. Many users have refined the universal precalibrated programmes for standardless XRF and made them more efficient for matrix correction by using variable correction coefficients. OilQuant offers possibilities for analysing polymers [243]. Software packages usually provide ... 

The problem to be faced by the monitoring programmes can be formulated in a logistic perspective as how to allocate the available resources in order to give response to the different control requirements in the most efficient way. 

The management of an analytical chemistry laboratory involves a number of different but related operations. Analysts will be concerned with the development and routine application of analytical methods under optimum conditions. Instruments have to be set up to operate efficiently, reproducibly and reliably, sometimes over long periods and for a variety of analyses. Results will need to be recorded and presented so that the maximum information may be extracted from them. Repetitive analysis under identical conditions is often required, for instance, in quality assurance programmes. Hence a large number of results will need to be collated and interpreted so that conclusions may be drawn from their overall pattern. The progress of samples through a laboratory needs to be logged and results presented, stored, transmitted and retrieved in an ordered manner. Computers and microprocessors can contribute to these operations in a variety of ways. 

The metallurgical results obtained are presented in Table 23.12. The results indicated that good separation efficiency can be achieved using a heat starch separation method. The zircon collector used in this test programme (CES3) was a mixture of primary and secondary amines. 

Nash, C. et al. (2003). Unification of Accounts and Marginal Costs for Transport Efficiency (UNITE). Final Report for Publication. Project funded under the European Commission s 5th RTD programme, project co-ordinator ITS, University of Leeds. 

For the first time, I have the impression that energy-efficiency potentials are being clearly recognised and adequately addressed by the Action Plan for Energy Efficiency of the European Commission (Commission of the European Communities, 2006). This is a policy programme that supports energy-policy objectives (low energy costs,... 

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