Progestogen in combination with estrogen

THERAP cat Diacetate as a progestogen. In combination with estrogen as oral contraceptive. 

In the same way as estrogens, progestogens are used in the treatment of several other conditions such as infertility, endometriosis, in the management of certain breast and endometrial cancers, and either alone or in combination with estrogens in the treatment of menstrual disorders, among others. The therapeutic doses required in the treatment of many of these diseases are often significantly larger than those employed in contraception. 

In an 8-year follow-up of Swedish children whose mothers used combined oral contraceptives while breastfeeding, there were no negative effects on health, growth, or development (306). It should be realized that the hormonal content of natural human milk and cows milk is not negligible. If hormonal contraception is to be used during lactation, it would be sensible to prefer low-dose progestogens rather than combinations with estrogens they are not the most effective contraceptives, but probably sufficient to supplement the contraceptive effect of lactation itself and they are unlikely to inhibit lactation. 

In a reanalysis of 51 studies, less than 5 years of therapy with combined estrogen and progestogen was associated with a 15% increase in risk for breast cancer, and the risk increased with greater duration of treatment. Five years after discontinuation of hormone replacement therapy, the risk of breast cancer was no longer increased. 

The introduction of estrogens and progestogens into the environment is a function of the way several factors are combined. The manufactured quantity and the dosage applied (amount, frequency, and duration) combined with the excretion efficiency of the compound and its metabolites, the capability of adsorption and desorption on soil, and the metabolic decomposition in sewage treatment are examples of necessary factors to assess environmental exposure. In general the fate and effect of a substance in the environment is dependent on the distribution into the different natural systems, such as air, water, and solids (soil, particles, sediment, and biota). Information on the physical and chemical properties (Ku, Kd, and Kim vapor pressure) of a compound may help determine whether it is likely to concentrate in the aquatic, terrestrial, or atmospheric... 

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