Production and Properties

T. R. Anantharaman, Metallic Glasses Production, Properties and Applications, Trans. Tech. Pubhcations, Switzerland, 1983. 

Regardless of the procedure used, certain initial steps must be taken for the determination or specification of certain product properties and yields based on the TBP distillation curve of the column feed, method of providing column reflux, column-operating pressure, type of condenser, and type of side-cut strippers ana stripping requirements. These steps are developed and ilhistrated with several detailed examples by Watkins (op. cit.). Only one example, modified from one given by Watkins, is considered briefly here to indicate the approach taken during the initial steps. 

Radovic, L. R. and Sudhakar, C., Carbon as a catalyis support production, properties and applications. In Introduction to Carbon Technologies, ed. H. Marsh, E. A. Heintz and F. Rodriguez-Reinoso, University of Alicante (Spain) Publications, 1997, pp. 103 165. 

In order to be economically viable, a continuous emulsion polymerization process must be able to produce a latex which satisfies application requirements at high rates without frequent disruptions. Since most latex products are developed in batch equipment, the problems associated with converting to continuous systems can be significant. Making such a change requires an understanding of the differences between batch and continuous reactors and how these differences influence product properties and reactor performance. 

The study of the peak temperature sensitivity to the reactor operating parameters and the construction of sensitivity boundary curves for stable reactor operation were previously reported ( l). This paper presents a computer study on conceptual relationships between the conversion-product properties and the reactor operating parameters in a plug flow tubular reactor of free radical polymerization. In particular, a contour map of conversion-molecular weight relationships in a reactor of fixed size is presented and the sensitivity of its relationship to the choice of initiator system, solvent system and heat transfer system are discussed. 

Barthel, H., Rosch, L., and Weis, J., Fumed Silica-Production, Properties, and Applications, in Organo-silicon Chemistry II From Molecules to Materials, VCH Weinheim, Germany, 1996 Vol. II, 761. 

A prototype system implemented with the Formulogic shell has recently been reported by Pfizer [21]. The system has been designed to use preformulation data on new drugs and recommend early development formulations, predict product properties, and select processing conditions suitable for scale-up. 

W. Herbst and K. Hunger, Industrial Organic Pigments Production, Properties and Applications, 2nd edn., VCH, Weinheim, 1997. 

Matthews, G, PVC Production, Properties and Uses. (1996) Institute of Materials V. 587, Great Britain. 

Peng, Y., Yang, X., and Zhang, Y. 2005. Microbial fibrinolytic enzymes an overview of source, production, properties and thrombolytic activity in vivo. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 69(2), 126-132. 

C. Soldano, A. Mahmood, E. Dujardin, Production, properties and potential of graphene, Carbon, 48 (2010) 2127-2150. 

White, J.S. (1992) Fructose syrup Production, properties, and applications. In Starch hydrolysis products, edited by F.W. Schenck and R.E.Hebeda, pp. 177-199. New York VCH. 

J.W. Lawrie, "Glycerol and the Glycols— Production, Properties and Analyses , Chem. Catalog Co (Reinhold Pubg Co), NY (1928)... 

Production, Properties and Applications of the Principal Filler Types... 

Over 30 man-years of effort were involved in developing the model, which is named KINPTR, an acronym for kinetic platinum reforming model. Since its development, KINPTR has had a major impact in Mobil s worldwide operations. It can be accessed by personnel at each of Mobil s locations throughout the world. Input requirements are simple and convenient making it very user friendly. Only feed characteristics, product quality targets, process configuration information, and process conditions are required for input. Output is informative and detailed. Overall and detailed yields, feed and product properties, and reactor performance data are given in the output. 

While the 13 hydrocarbon lumps accurately represent the hydrocarbon conversion kinetics, they must be delumped for the deactivation kinetics. In addition, delumping is necessary to estimate many of the product properties and process conditions important to an effective reformer process model. These include H2 consumption, recycle gas H2 purity, and key reformate properties such as octane number and vapor pressure. The following three lump types had to be delumped the C5- kinetic lump into Cl to C5 light gas components, the paraffin kinetic lumps into isoparaffin and n-paraffin components, and the Cg+ kinetic lumps into Cg, C9, C10, and Cn components by molecular type. 

The chemical effect of high pressure is to stimulate the selectivity and the rate of reaction together with better product properties and quality as well as improved economy. This is based on better physico-chemical and thermodynamic reaction conditions such as density, activation volume, chemical equilibria, concentration and phase situation. Many successful reactions are basically enhanced by catalysis. 

Tang, W.Z. and Pierotti, A.J., WWW database of disinfection by-product properties and related QSAR information, in Handbook on Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships (QSARs) for Pollution Prevention, Toxicity Screening, Risk Assessment and Web Applications, Walker, J.D., Ed, SETAC Press, Pensacola, FL, 2000. 

Figure 8-16 Relation of product properties and yield in a deasphalting process.

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