Product architecture

The most important fields of application for PVDF resias iaclude electric and electronic iadustry products, architectural and specialty finishes, products for the chemical and related iadustries, and rapidly growing specialized uses. 

The oxidative activation of arenes is a powerful and versatile synthetic tactic that enables dearomatization to give useful synthons. Central to this chemistry are hydroxylated arenes or arenols, the phenolic functions of which can be exploited to facilitate the dearomatizing process by two-electron oxidation. Suitably substituted arenols can hence be converted, with the help of oxygen- or carbon-based nucleophiles, into ortho-quinone monoketals and ortho-quinols. These 6-oxocyclohexa-2,4-dienones are ideally functionalized for the construction of many complex and polyoxygenated natural product architectures. Today, the inherent and multiple reactivity of arenol-derived ortho-quinone monoketals and ortho-quinols species is finding numerous and, in many cases, biomimetic applications in modern organic synthesis. 

Architectural Designs should clearly identify the use of COTS software and hardware. Many modem computer systems make extensive use of COTS products. Architectural Designs should be included in the Requirements Traceability Matrix (RTM) as they will provide the vital linkage... 

The concepts of modules and modularity are central in constructing product architecture (Ulrich 1995). While a module is a physical or conceptual grouping of components that share some characteristics, modularity tries to separate a system into independent parts or modules that ctm be treated as logical units (Newcomb et al. 1996). Therefore, decomposition is a major concern in modularity analysis. In addition, to capture and represent product-structures across the entire product-development process, modularity is achieved from multiple viewpoints, including functioneility, solution technologies, and physical structures. Correspondingly there ace three types of modularity involved in product realization functional modularity, technical modularity, and physictil modularity. 

Cladistics for Products and Manufacturing, Fig. 5 Product architecture and granularity levels using cladistics (AlGeddawy and ElMaraghy 2013b)... 

Family Design Model A complete design process is performed when market domain and customer requirements are connected with product architecture. Customer requirements identify the main market segments that need to... 

Ulrich K (1995) The role of product architecture in the manufacturing firm. Res Policy 24(3) 419-440 Ulrich K, Eppinger SD (1995) Product design and development. McGraw Hill, New York Urban GL, Hauser JR (2004) Listening-in to find and explore new combinations of customer needs. J Mark 68(2) 72-87... 

Modular design relies on the product architecture and product platform concepts. Product architecture is defined as a scheme where the physical components are linked to functional elements to form various products (Ulrich and Eppinger 1995). The architecture includes definition of modules, taxonomy which describes the relationships between modules in both functional and physical domains. The purpose is to decouple each element so that a change in one component does not influence changes in others in neither a functional nor a physical way. 

Some slightly different definitions from different points of views can also be found. For example, Fixson (2005) defined product architecture from an information point of view as a comprehensive description of a bundle of product characteristics, including number and type of components, and number and type of interfaces between those components, and, as such, represents the fundamental structure of the product. ... 

Product Architecture, Fig. 1 The difEeient modular architectures (Ulrich 1995)... 

The advantages and disadvantages of the different product architectures have been widely investigated (Ulrich 1995 Krishnan and Gupta 2001). 

Design of product architecture focuses on the arrangement of the physical elements of a product, in order to carry out its required functional duties. Generally, the following four steps are required for the design of a product architecture (Ulrich and Eppinger 2000) ... 

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