Processing straining

The elongation of a stretched fiber is best described as a combination of instantaneous extension and a time-dependent extension or creep. This viscoelastic behavior is common to many textile fibers, including acetate. Conversely, recovery of viscoelastic fibers is typically described as a combination of immediate elastic recovery, delayed recovery, and permanent set or secondary creep. The permanent set is the residual extension that is not recoverable. These three components of recovery for acetate are given in Table 1 (4). The elastic recovery of acetate fibers alone and in blends has also been reported (5). In textile processing strains of more than 10% are avoided in order to produce a fabric of acceptable dimensional or shape stabiUty. 

Because the specific microorganism cultured is the most critical factor in any antibiotic process, strain identification, including morphologic, cultural, and biochemical characteristics should be performed. The source of the microbial isolate (e.g., soil, air, water), as well as any genetic engineering or mutation procedures should be documented. Microbial deposition should be reported (e.g., American Type Culture Collection or Type Culture Collection of the U.S. Department of Agriculture). 

To further understand the solvent removal process, strain as a function of time (and temperature as a function of time) was obtained. Results are illustrated in Figure 6. A constant load of... 

Media used for ARA-rich SCO production vary depending on the process/strain used however, they tend to be relatively simple complex media composed of a base of yeast extract and glucose (51), although the ion composition is known to be crucial for optimal productivity as well as the carbon to nitrogen ratio in the medium (48, 52, 53). 

Figure Results of the optimization of tenslllzatlon process (strain amplitude 1.0%, frequency 10 Hz).

Fig. 5 Systems biotechnology for the development of an efficient PHA production system. Optimization of aU steps, from the upstream process (strain development) and the midstream process (fermentation) to the downstream process (recovery), is required for the economic production of PHAs having desired characteristics...

Ribbed smoked sheets (RSS) are made from intentionally coagulated latex. In this process, strained latex is diluted with water to 15% solids, strained again to remove particulate matter, and then coagulated by addition of an acid. The coagulum is compressed into 2-3 mm thick sheets and dried for 4-7 days in large smoke houses. 

Process Strain Substrate Maximum specific productivity (g/g-dcwh) Maximum volumetric productivity (g/L-h) Final concentration (g/L) Molar yield %... 

In quantum dots produced by sol-gel processes, strain can be also caused by the surrounding matrix. The synthesis of these samples implies sintering processes or the implantation of the dots into the molten matrix material. The thermal expansion constants of this matrix are usually different from the constants of the semiconductor. As a consequence, the matrix can form an effective pressure on the dot surface when cooling the sample. 

A similar effect with biotin alone was noted with the "old process strain practically no multiplication was observed until after 72 hours, when continued rapid growth began. In this case the delay in growth appeared to be due mainly to the slowness with which the organism became able to synthesize thiamin at an adequate rate. For the "Gebriider Mayer strain, pantothenic acid appeared indispensable for continued growth and biotin could neither replace it, nor, under the given conditions, facilitate the ability to synthesize it. 

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