Processing of Animal Fats

Use Chelation of heavy metals in processing of animal fats and vegetable oils, mst inhibitor, preparation of phytate salts, metal cleaning, treatment of hard water, nutrient. 

Saponification (Section 20 11) Hydrolysis of esters in basic solution The products are an alcohol and a carboxylate salt The term means soap making and denves from the process whereby animal fats were converted to soap by heating with wood ashes... 

Fats and oils are treated as commodities in the open market and are purchased in bulk. As commodities, their prices fluctuate with supply and demand. Furthermore, fats and oils come in different grades that reflect different levels of processing and have industry-standardized specifications such as the American Fats and Oil Association. In the manufacture of soap in the United States, the source of animal fats is domestic whereas the vegetable oils are frequently obtained from Southeast Asia, primarily Malaysia and the Philippines. 

Magnesium reduces anhydrous sulphates with vigour at high temperatures.4 Reduction to sulphide may be brought about by certain micro-organisms in the presence of animal fats, the latter being anaerobically decomposed during the process.5... 

Kraft, P., Gilbeau, P., Gosselin, B. and Claessens, S. 2007. Process for Producing Dichloro-propanolfrom Glycerol, The Glycerol Coming Eventually from the Conversion of Animal Fats in the Manufacture of Biodiesel. Patent publication number EP 1770081. 

At the time when Miss Dior was created most natural tuberose was obtained by the traditional enfleurage process (see Chapter 4). Today, partly because of high labor cost but also because of the religious restriction on the use of animal fats in producing countries such as... 

Answer Triacylglycerols, a component of grease (consisting largely of animal fats), are hydrolyzed by NaOH to form glycerol and the sodium salts of free fatty acids, a process known as saponification. The fatty acids form micelles, which are more water-soluble than triacylglycerols. 

Sometimes the question asked is whether animal fat is absent from products such as cosmetics or from some other oleochemical product prepared from fats. This can include products such as emulsifiers. Where the product contains original triglyceride then this portion can be considered as described above, and the absence of cholesterol can be considered as good evidence that animal fats are absent. This, however, does not apply to triglycerides formed after saponification of fatty acids, followed by fractionation and recombination with glycerol. So-called fractionated coconut oil is manufactured by this process, and any similar product made from fatty acids from an animal source would not show the presence of any cholesterol. Similarly other oleochemicals formed from fatty acids derived from animal fats would also not contain cholesterol. In these cases it is often impossible to detect the presence of animal fat by testing for cholesterol. The only possibility in some cases might be to look at... 

Rendering. The rendering process is applied on a large scale to the production of animal fats, such as tallow, lard, bone fat, and whale oil. The fatty tissues are chopped into small pieces and are boiled in steam digesters. The fat is gradually liberated from the cells and floats to the surface of the water, where it is collected by skimming. A similar method is used in the extraction of palm oil from fresh palm fruits. 

As animal fats are a potential feedstock for biodiesel production, Cummins et al. (142) assessed the danger of a human contracting CJD as a result of the use of tallow as a fuel in diesel engines. They concluded that the risk was several orders of magnitude less than the rate of spontaneous appearance of CJD. Thus, scientific analysis indicates that processed (i.e., rendered) animal fat is not an agent of transmission of BSE. Nonetheless, especially in the United Kingdom, the public remains skeptical. This has in some cases led to less use of animal fats in feed applications. Especially in the United Kingdom, the BSE epidemic has reduced the amount of domestically available tallow (because of condemnation) and increased the use of other lipids in place of animal fats. 

Although severe process conditions are required (low pressure 1-2 mbar high temperature up to 250°C), steam refining is the most suitable and economical process to lower the cholesterol content of animal fats (e.g., milkfat and tallow). 

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