Processes During Batch Melting

The physico-chemical reactions that occur during the batch melting comprise different types of heat consuming reactions, such as the release of moisture and crystal water (from for instance caoline) from the batch first solid-state reactions between the different raw materials and the decomposition of carbonates, causing the release of CO2 and the formation of eutectic melts. The eutectic melts form by reactions between network modifier and a 

Solid sand grains with an eutecticly melted surface 

An eutectic melt formed by the reaction between the network modifier 

A very generalized equation describing the solution of quartz sand in the glass melt was derived by Nolle [383] (3.1)  

Such redox reactions of oxides of polyvalent ions cause the formation of very small oxygen bubbles, called seeds (which should not be mistaken with nuclei, often called seeds), because the solubility of molecular oxygen in the melt is very much smaller than that of atomic oxygen. 

---

Chondrites, the most primitive of all meteorites, formed in dynamic energetic, dust-rich zones in the solar nebula. In this environment, dust/gas ratios were constantly changing, temperatures fluctuated through 1,000 K, with multiple cycles of melting, evaporation, condensation, and aggregation. In addition there were influxes of matter from the interstellar dust and the periodic removal of batches of chondritic material to small planetesimals. In this section we explore how the most primitive materials of the solar system were formed and what they can tell us about processes during the condensation of the solar nebula. These materials include chondrules, refractory inclusions (CAIs), and amoeboid olivine aggregates (AOAs), the oldest component parts of chondritic meteorites. 

---