Process Technology—Systems One

After studying this chapter, the student will be able to  

Compressor system—key elements of this system include piping, valves, a compressor, a receiver, heat exchangers, dryers, back pressure regulators, gauges, and moisture removal equipment. 

Cooling-tower system—includes a cooUng-tower and pipe system to transfer cooled water to the unit and back to the cooling-tower water-distribution system. The cooling tower has a series of complex instrument systems to control ppm, pH, level, temperature, fan speed, and flow rate. 

Electrical system—system composed of a boiler, a steam turbine, a main substation with transformers, a motor control center, and electrically powered equipment. 

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Most tolls involve the transfer of proprietary information from one party to the other, typically from the client company to the toller. Each party should have maintained a log of transferred documents or software code to make the return of proprietary documents a simple matter. An initial list of the documents should have been referenced in the contract or as part of the technology package. Keeping records of additional documents transferred during the course of the toll will help eliminate confusion at the end of the project. The toller may need to retain documents appropriate for their process safety system needs. 

These processes are used commercially for many years. However, an interest exists for the development of alternative technologies for HMD A production, that may offer advantages with respect to conventional ones, such as (i) the use of less dangerous reactants, and (ii) a better overall economics, also achieved by the use of highly selective catalytic systems. One possible synthetic pathway is the gas-phase ammoxidation of -hexane to 1,6-Ce dinitriles, the latter containing either a saturated... 

In the past, studies on ACC have been motivated by undesirable combustor behaviors that include combustion instabilities [1-10], poor burning efficiency [8-13], limited operational range [8-10, 14], and excessive production of pollutants ]8, 12, 13, 15-17]. These studies have contributed greatly to the present understanding of fast-response ACC, but several technological challenges still remain before the ACC technique can be implemented to practical propulsion systems. One such challenge is the use of liquid fuel for control, and maximization of control efficiency via direct injection into the combustion chamber. Such a control has been difficult to obtain and the physical processes were not well understood. 

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