Process numbering

Number of molecules undergoing a particular process Number of photons or quanta absorbed by the system... 

Chemiefabrik in der Grojie eines Chips, Handdsblatt, May 1996 Vision of shoe box-sized micro reactors plant cells as model for micro-reactor development cost, performance, and safety advantages LIGA process numbering-up safety processing of hazardous substances [237]. 

Transfer from laboratory to industrial process - numbering-up concept... 

List all of the reagents, materials, blanks, QC samples, standards and Certified Reference Materials required for the analytical process, numbered for later reference. List the following ... 

This study has collected evidence on the following metal catalyzed elementary processes. Numbers 1 and 2 occur with open chain hydrocarbons and Numbers 3 and 4 occur with cycles. 

The first question we must ask is Are laboratory tests, performed in one single piece of laboratory apparatus—i.e., on one single scale—capable of providing binding information on the decisive process number The... 

Note The fluid velocity v in pipes—or the superficial gas velocity vq in mixing vessels or in bubble columns—presents a well-known process parameter which combines the fluid throughput q and the diameter of the device D V q/T>. Nevertheless this parameter is not an intermediate quantity. It cannot replace the diameter of the device it is simply another expression for the fluid throughput. Reference The kinematic process numbers like the Reynolds and Froude numbers, which govern the hydrodynamics, necessarily contain the linear dimension of the device. 

To keep the rotational speed of the drum only in the process number Fr, we combine the other two accordingly with Fr and obtain ... 

This equation (Ref. 21), is useless for scaling-up purposes because the (unknown) target quantity [Pg.45]

For cyclophane 154+, in which the two bipyridinium units are connected by biphenylene spacers, the number of reduction processes, number of exchanged electrons, and potential values (Fig. 13.17) are very similar to those of cyclophane 124+ (Fig. 13.15). 

The first question we must ask is Are laboratory tests, performed in one single piece of laboratory apparatus—i.e., on one single scale—capable of providing binding infonnation on the decisive process number The answer here is affirmative. We can change Fr by means of the rotational speed of the stirrer, Q by means of the gas throughput, and Re by means of the liquid viscosity independent of each other. 

E and P denote the experimental and the processing number of the data file respectively. For a given sample the raw data of up to 999 different experiments may be stored under the same data file name. The data of each for these experiments can be processed in several ways and up to 999 different results may be stored separately together with the corresponding processing parameters. The meaning of the various file name extensions is shown below ... 

Using WINDOWS Explorer select one of the 1D NMR data directories stored in the directory D NMRDATA GLUCOSE 1D and inspect the WINNMR data structure using the WINDOWS file manager (WINDOWS Explorer). Similarly inspect the data structure of one of the 2D NMR data files stored in the directory D NMRDATA GLUCOSE 2D. Check the processing number of the corresponding spectra. 

In the following Check its, dedicated to illustrate the effect of various window functions and to study the influence of the corresponding parameters, store the processed spectra under the same name, but with ascending processing numbers ( 001001.1R, V)01002.1R,. ..). Use the dual/multiple display of ID WIN-NMR to display and plot the whole series. Do not apply the DC Correction at this stage. Use the Help tool for the mathematical description of the various window functions and for more details of how to use them. 

Try out the effect of several modes for DC correction available with 2D data. Load the raw data of the magnitude mode 2D COSY spectrum D NMRDATA GLUCOSE 2D HH GHHCO 001001.SER and choose no, quad and qpol as BC mod in F2. Note that usually for Fl no baseline correction is applied in the time-domain, i.e. BC mod (F1) = no. Fourier transform the data and store the individual spectra using ascending processing numbers. Compare corresponding rows to inspect the effect of different baseline corrections. 

Correction, Window Function (Exponential LB = 1.0 Hz) and FT. In the frequency domain select Phase Correction (6th Order), Peak Picking (positive Peaks only X Range whole Spectrum) of the whole region. Save Spectrum (set Processing Number Increment = 1) and Plot Spectrum (set the plot parameters according to your preferences). Execute the automatic processing and if you are satisfied with the result, store this job for processing 1D C raw data as C.JOB. 

As a second example of a two-box model we discuss the case of a stratified lake which is divided into the surface layer (epilimnion E, box 1) and the deep-water layer (hypolimnion H, box 2). The model and its parameters are shown in Fig. 21.10. It includes the following processes (numbers as in the figure) ... 

Facilities, equipment, process, number of validation trials, sampling frequency, size, type, tests to perform, methods used, criteria for success Responsibility and authority... 

To select such process numbers whose average actual data are very close to the target data and study, whether the tolerances can be reduced or enlarged if the maximum and minimum data are close to the tolerances in all three runs. 

Heat exchangers can be classified in many different ways, such as according to transfer processes, number of fluids, surface compactness, flow arrangements, heat transfer mechanisms, type of fluids (gas-gas, gas-liquid, liquid-liquid, gas-two-phase, liquid-two-phase, etc.), and industry. Heat exchangers can also be classified according to the construction type and process function (Figure 3). Refer... 

---