Process information maps forming processes

On the instance level, dynamic task nets, products, and resources used within a specific development process are modeled. On the application model side, similar process information is foremost contained in C3 nets. Application modeling experts create process templates in the form of C3 nets to define best-practice work processes. These C3 nets can be transferred structurally into dynamic task nets. Currently, a set of structural restrictions has to apply for the C3 nets used. Dynamic task nets can be generated on the tool side as the surrogates of the process templates modeled as C3 nets. We have realized an integrator for the mapping of C3 nets into dynamic task nets (see Sect. 3.2). 

The secondary ions are sorted on the basis of their energy in the instrument s electrostatic sector, before being dispersed in a mass spectrometer according to their m/z ratios. By acquiring a series of spatially referenced spectra, via a rasterscanning process, a map can be produced for almost any selected atomic mass, and information of isotopic ratios in the form of ROIs, line scans and depth profiles can be obtained. The system is maintained permanently under ultrahigh vacuum in order to prevent any atmospheric interference with the primary and secondary ions (typically 10 Torr in the analysis chamber) [155]. 

The objective of data analysis (or feature extraction) is to transform numeric inputs in such a way as to reject irrelevant information that can confuse the information of interest and to accentuate information that supports the feature mapping. This usually is accomplished by some form of numeric-numeric transformation in which the numeric input data are transformed into a set of numeric features. The numeric-numeric transformation makes use of a process model to map between the input and the output. 

As discussed and illustrated in the introduction, data analysis can be conveniently viewed in terms of two categories of numeric-numeric manipulation, input and input-output, both of which transform numeric data into more valuable forms of numeric data. Input manipulations map from input data without knowledge of the output variables, generally to transform the input data to a more convenient representation that has unnecessary information removed while retaining the essential information. As presented in Section IV, input-output manipulations relate input variables to numeric output variables for the purpose of predictive modeling and may include an implicit or explicit input transformation step for reducing input dimensionality. When applied to data interpretation, the primary emphasis of input and input-output manipulation is on feature extraction, driving extracted features from the process data toward useful numeric information on plant behaviors. 

The overall objective of the system is to map from three types of numeric input process data into, generally, one to three root causes out of the possible 300. The data available include numeric information from sensors, product-specific numeric information such as molecular weight and area under peak from gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis of the product, and additional information from the GPC in the form of variances in expected shapes of traces. The plant also uses univariate statistical methods for data analysis of numeric product information. 

Surface pressure distribution measurement is of fundamental importance in the experimental study of aerodynamic problems in the fields of avionics, car, rocket, aerospace, and aircraft design [1]. The conventional methods based on pressure taps or transducers have a number of limitations. The most serious problem is that their very nature limits them to providing information only at discrete points on the surface of a substrate. A new approach to surface pressure distribution measurement, the use of pressure-sensitive paint (PSP), has recently developed that offers the potential of revolutionizing the nature of such measurements in the field of aerodynamics. This method employs the oxygen sensitivity of fluorescent materials in the form of a paint, in conjunction with image processing techniques, to map the pressure field over... 

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