Process fine/functional chemistry

Industrial and real-life applications of micro-reactor process engineering for fine and functional chemistry... 

SYNTHESIS There have been three total syntheses of ibogaine reported in the chemical literature. The first of these was a thirteen step process published about 30 years ago. Although the chemistry lab can serve a fine function for both isolation and purification of ibogaine from plant sources. In other words, there is no practical way to start from a bottle of nicotinic acid and actually prepare useful amounts. The parent ring system contains two chiral centers, neither of which is amenable to easy manipulation. 

Industrial Microreactor Process Development for Fine and Functional Chemistry... 

These processes have flourished, mainly due to their selectivity and versatility, to the point where cross-coupling chemistry is often the initial thinking of organic chemists in synthetic and retro-synthetic approaches [2]. In fact, nowadays it is difficult to find a contribution in fine chemical or natural product synthesis where these molecular assembly tools are not employed. This is often due to the simple preparation and handling of the reaction partners as well as their relative compatibility with several functional groups. 

Two main fields of application have been explored fine chemistry/ pharmacy (Hessel et al. 2004a) and fuel processing (Hessel et al. 2005d). A few investigations target manufacture of bulk chemicals or intermediates. In addition, the production of smart and functional materials is the focus, such as pigments (Wille et al. 2004), encapsulated delivery... 

The choice of an appropriate model is heavily dependent on the intended application. In particular, the science of the model must match the pollutant(s) of concern. If the pollutant of concern is fine PM, the model chemistry must be able to handle reactions of nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur dioxide (SO2), volatile organic compounds (VOC), ammonia, etc. Reactions in both the gas and aqueous phases must be included, and preferably also heterogeneous reactions taking place on the surfaces of particles. Apart from correct treatment of transport and diffusion, the formation and growth of particles must be included, and the model must be able to track the evolution of particle mass as a function of size. The ability to treat deposition of pollutants to the surface of the earth by both wet and dry processes is also required. 

One of the most common examples of an electrophilic aromatic substitution is Friedel-Crafts alkylation [40], These days, many important industrial processes are based on this type of Friedel-Crafts-chemistry [41]. The manufacture of high-octane gasoline, ethylbenzene, synthetic rubber, plastics and detergent alkylates are examples. Moreover, the Friedel-Crafts alkylation is among the most fundamental and convenient processes for C—C bond formation on arenes, especially for the synthesis of fine chemicals and agrochemicals containing functionalized arenes and heteroarenes. 

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