Process/catalyst development regeneration

Deep catalytic cracking (DCC) is a catalytic cracking process which selectively cracks a wide variety of feedstocks into light olefins. The reactor and the regenerator systems are similar to FCC. However, innovation in the catalyst development, severity, and process variable selection enables DCC to produce more olefins than FCC. In this mode of operation, propylene plus ethylene yields could reach over 25%. In addition, a high yield of amylenes (C5 olefins) is possible. Figure 3-7 shows the DCC process and Table 3-10 compares olefins produced from DCC and FCC processes. ... 

GO-flning [Gas-oil refining] A hydrodesulfurization process adapted for gas oil. The proprietary catalyst is regenerable. Developed by Esso Research Engineering Company and the Union Oil Company of California and jointly licensed by them. First commercialized at Wakayama, Japan, in 1968 by 1972, nine units had been built. 

Liquid acid-catalyzed processes are mature technologies, which are not expected to undergo dramatic changes in the near future. Solid acid-catalyzed alkylation now has been developed to a point where the technology can compete with the existing processes. Catalyst regeneration by hydrogen treatment is the method of choice in all the process developments. Some of the process developments eliminate most if not all the drawbacks of the liquid acid processes. The verdict about whether solid acid-catalyzed processes will be applied in the near future will be determined primarily by economic issues. 

Q-Max A process for making cumene from benzene and propylene by catalytic alkylation using a proprietary regenerable zeohte catalyst. Developed by UOP and first installed in 1996 by JLM Chemicals in Illinois. 

Chlorsorb Also called RVG Chlorsorb [Regenerator Vent Gas], A process for removing chlorine compounds (mainly HC1) from the waste gases from the CCR Platforming process. The chlorides are reabsorbed on the catalyst. Developed by UOP and now operated in several oil refineries in the United States and Argentina. 

PetroFCC [Petrochemicals Fluid Catalytic Cracking] A modified FCC process that increases the yields of propylene and butene for use in petrochemical manufacture. The modifications are mainly to the engineering and involve a dual reaction zone with a single regenerator. One feature is RxCat technology, which involves mixing some of the spent catalyst with regenerated catalyst in a separate chamber. Developed by UOP in 2000 and licensed for use in the Philippines in 2008. 

Our aim is to predict C, t, r) and C (r, t) from measured or predicted C, . Note that Ck at the end of catalyst life is an initial condition for modeling and control of the catalyst regeneration process. In developing the coking kinetic model for nC reforming, the data lead us to consider that coke can deposit on both active sites and on already-coked sites. This consideration, as will be seen, gives simple explicit expressions for (j) as a function of Ck or t. 

In the development of heterogeneous catalysts for industrial applications a variety of different parameters, such as metal impregnation, metal precipitation, drying, thermal treatment, etc. have to be optimized. In addition, mechanical strength and thermal stability of the catalyst, as well as economic factors like regenerability and manufacturing costs have to be considered early on in the catalyst development project. With regard to the chemical process conversion, selectivity, and durability are most important, but also other major aspects like... 

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