Problems composite questions

FA was next applied to identify and to characterize sources of the airborne particulates in the different particle sizes. The use of FA for solving this task is described in the literature, e.g. for total suspended dust and for total sedimented airborne particulates [KEIDING et al., 1987 EINAX and DANZER, 1989], For the present problem the question is is it possible to obtain plausible and interpretable solutions by applying FA to each particle size fraction if they are very similar in their composition ... 

These studies have provided new and unexpected insights into a longstanding problem. The question concerning the constitution of XePtFg remains however. The subtle interrelationships of the platinum and xenon oxidation states which this work has revealed allows for both Xe(I)Pt(V)Fg and Xe(II)Pt(IV)Fg formulations. Fortunately we have recently developed [16] a synthesis which provides material with a composition close to the ideal 1 1 stoichiometry, XePtFg. Coincidentally both this material and XePdFg... 

Today, NIR spectroscopy is a staple in the food and agricultural analytical laboratory, and consequently tables of NIR bands arising from the chemical composition of foods are readily available (e.g.. Ref. [3]). These may help to determine if a multispectral or hyperspectral imaging system suits the problem more economically and efficiently. However, it is really the scope of the problem, or question, at hand that ultimately guides the selection of the system. A hyperspectral imaging system is, by definition, a better option in a laboratory setting because it allows... 

Another disadvantage of the experimental acidity scales is the absence of serious quantitative data because, as a rule, a number of equilibria are reciprocally affected in the studied solutions. In this case, the estimation of some equilibrium constants based on one point is impossible. Therefore, more precise data on the acidity scales may be obtained by establishing equilibrium constants of acid-base reactions and the effect exerted by the cation and anion composition of an ionic melt on them. The regularities obtained on the basis of these parameters will help us to treat some aspects of the problem in question more correctly. 

The theory of kinetics as a theory of an intermediate substance serves first of all to solve two main problems. The first problem is the quantum-chemical description of elementary acts, the total of which makes up a chemical process. This problem includes questions about the determination of the nature of intermediate substances and their thermodynamic characteristics, composition and structure of activated complexes of an elementary reaction for the calculation of the activation energy and entropy. Thus, we talk about a full or partial description of a topographic map of the potential energy of a system, which provides the information about potential holes, corresponding to the states of an intermediate substance, and an activated barrier separating one hole from another. The presence of. such a topographic map of the potential energy of a s)fstem exactly determines the so-called chemical mechanism of a reaction. 

The objective of this chapter is to address introductory sketches of some fundamental behavior issues that affect the performance of composite materials and structures. The basic questions are, given the mechanics of the problem (primarily the state of stress) and the materials basis of the problem (essentially the state of the material) (1) what are the stiffnesses, (2) what are the strengths, and (3) what is the life of the composite material or structure as influenced by the behavioral or environmental issues in Figure 6-1 ... 

Stand the text. That is, I want them to focus on The Whyoi each problem so they will develop a feeling for the behavior of composite materials and structures. I also expect use of appropriate figures that are well discussed. Figures that have not been fully interpreted for the reader are of questionable value and certainly leave room for misinterpretation. Also, I expect students to explain and describe each step in the problem-solving process with physically based reasons and explanations. Moreover, 1 expect observations, comments, and conclusions about what they learned at the end of each problem. I feel such requirements are good training for survival in today s and tomorrow s more competitive world. 

A fuel-air mixture is detonable only if its composition is between the detonabil-ity limits. The detonation limits for fuel-air mixtures are substantially narrower than their range of flammability (Benedick et al. 1970). However, the question of whether a nonhomogeneous mixture can sustain a detonation wave is more relevant to the vapor cloud detonation problem because, as described in Section 3.1, the composition of a vapor cloud dispersing in the atmosphere is, in general, far from homogeneous. 

The primary question is the rate at which the mobile guest species can be added to, or deleted from, the host microstructure. In many situations the critical problem is the transport within a particular phase under the influence of gradients in chemical composition, rather than kinetic phenomena at the electrolyte/electrode interface. In this case, the governing parameter is the chemical diffusion coefficient of the mobile species, which relates to transport in a chemical concentration gradient. 

Is it possible or not to improve the accuracy in r without essential modifications of the composite Cauchy problem In an attempt to give a definite answer to this question, the composite Cauchy problem (55) is designated by the symbolism... 

The characterization of evaporated alloy films can be carried out at widely different levels of sophistication. At the very least, it is necessary to determine the bulk composition, probably after the film has been used for an adsorption or catalytic experiment. Then various techniques can be applied, e.g., X-ray diffraction, electron diffraction, and electron microscopy, to investigate the homogeneity or morphology of the film. The measurement of surface area by chemisorption presents special problems compared with the pure metals. Finally, there is the question of the surface composition (as distinct from the bulk or overall composition), and a brief account is given of techniques such as Auger electron spectroscopy which might be applied to alloy films. 

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