Problem-solving activities

If we could answer the question affirmatively, we might be able to extract out the features of the nodes that cause them to participate in the relationship, and use these features to identify similar nodes in future problem solving activities. This is the essence of the goal of learning. 

Thus, the next step in the problem-solving analysis is to use information about the domain of the problem, in this case flowshop scheduling, and information about dominance and equivalence conditions that is pertinent to the overall problem formulation, in this case as a state space, to convert the experience into a form that can be used in the future problem-solving activity. 

Within various pharmaceutical laboratories (industrial and academic), the mul-tinuclear technique of solid state NMR has primarily been applied to the study of polymorphism at the qualitative and quantitative levels. Although the technique ideally lends itself to the structure determination of drug compounds in the solid state, it is anticipated that in the future, solid state NMR will become routinely used for method development and problem solving activities in the analytical/materials science/physical pharmacy area of the pharmaceutical sciences. During the past few years, an increasing number of publications have emerged in which solid state NMR has become an invaluable technique. With the continuing development of solid state NMR pulse sequences and hardware improvements (increased sensitivity), solid state NMR will provide a wealth of information for the physical characterization of pharmaceutical solids. 

Many comprehensive texts have been written on the theory and practice of fluorine-19 NMR spectroscopy12-14, so to reproduce such detail here is unnecessary. In this section only the basic principles will be discussed followed by a description of how fluorine-19 NMR has been used in a number of problem-solving activities. Such an approach will not be completely comprehensive and will reflect the interests of the authors. However, it is hoped that the power of the technique will be conveyed to the reader. Many studies have been performed on the theory of fluorine-19 NMR, however, it does not seem appropriate to present them in detail in this chapter. 

Task refers to some goal-oriented, problem-solving activity, whereas domain refers to the area within which the task is being performed. 

The deductive knowledge is represented as a taxonomy of production rules that implements the knowledge relevant to the applicable electrical laws and formulae, such as Ohm law, Kirchhoff laws, equivalent impedance formulae, etc. The system uses the symbolic method (electrical quantities represented as complex numbers) in its problem solving activity. 

To what extent are teaching and learning methods based on approaches that engage students directly in thinking and problem solving activities ... 

Training and communication must be adequate for all levels to teach the necessary skills to identify critical behaviors, conduct observations, provide feedback, and perform problem-solving activities. 

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