Probe Correcting Errors

For various reasons, this type of anemometer is not a suitable instrument for practical measurements in the industrial environment. The thin wire probe is fragile and sensitive to contamination and is unsuited to rough industrial environments. The wire temperature is often too high for low-velocity measurements because a strong natural convection from the wire causes errors. Temperature compensation, to correct for ambient air temperature fluctuations may not be available or may not cover the desired operating range. 

While only -10% of microarray datasets address the problem of batch effects (48), the degree of error contributed by batch effects may be significant. Batch effects may include experimental variations introduced due to multiple types of technical bias (e.g., time, laboratory, reagents, handling). Analysis of multiple methods to address batch effects has been addressed for precision, accuracy, and overall performance (48). Once probe set raw intensities have been processed via normalization and possible additional corrective measures, values can be used for downstream analyses in identifying differentially expressed genes and corresponding functional associations. 

In the presented framework the results by Klik and Yao (including the analytical formulas for them missing in Ref. 93) can be obtained immediately if to take the function cpj in a stepwise form (4.145) and not to allow for the corrections caused by the finiteness of its derivative at x = 0. In our terms this means to stop at set (4.167), namely, zero-derivative solution, and not to go further. The emerging error is, however, uncontrollable and not at all small. As an illustration, in Figure 4.12 we show the result obtained with this model (dashed lines) for the cubic susceptibility y in a textured system where the particle common axis n is tilted under the angle p = ji/3 to the probing field. One can see that deviations are substantial. 

The effect of a progressively larger alkyl group replacing one of the hydrogens of water was probed by considering a series of alcohols . Study was restricted to cyclic trimcrs, at the SCF level with a 6-3IG basis set, and with no correction for superposition error. The... 

A vertical core sample is a correct delimitation of a solid flat pile if it represents the whole thickness. Using a thief probe to obtain it, however, produces an extraction error because the thief cannot extract material at the very bottom (Figure A.2). 

Some atomic bound states have simple structure in the sense that a straightforward calculation obtains correct energy levels. In some cases optical oscillator strengths probe further detail. Collision theory has reached the stage where experimental observables for electron collisions involving such states can be calculated within experimental error. Observables whose calculation is sensitive to structure details constitute a probe for structure which verifies the details in more-difficult cases. 

The existence of a common momentum profile for the manifold a confirms the weak-coupling binary-encounter approximation. Within these approximations we must make further approximations to calculate differential cross sections. For the probe amplitude of (11.1) we may make, for example, the distorted-wave impulse approximation (11.3). This enables us to identify a normalised experimental orbital for the manifold. If normalised experimental orbitals are used to calculate the differential cross sections for two different manifolds within experimental error this confirms the whole approximation to this stage. An orbital approximation for the target structure (such as Hartree—Fock or Dirac—Fock) is confirmed if the experimental orbital energy agrees with the calculated orbital energy and if it correctly predicts differential cross sections. 

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