Probability of interaction

This remarkably simple relationship is depicted in Figure 14. It was apparent from his results that the volume fraction of the solvent determined the probability of interaction with the solute in much the same way that the partial pressure of a gas determines the probability of collision. It also indicated that the influence of each stationary phase component was independent and unaffected by presence of the other. 

Number of drugs involved Probability of interaction in therapy Severity of the interactions Frequency of interactions... 

The separation between substrates in batch-produced CBD CdS is also a likely important factor for reproducibility. Arias-Carbajal Readigos et al.29 studied thin-film yield in the CBD technique as a function of separation between substrates in batch production. Based on a mathematical model, scientists proposed and experimentally verified that, in the case of CdS thin films, the film thickness reaches an asymptotic maximum with an increase in substrate separation. This behavior is explained on the basis of a critical layer of solution that exists near the substrate, within which the relevant ionic species have a higher probability of interacting with the thin-film layer than of contributing to precipitate formation. The critical layer depends on the solution composition and the temperature of the bath, as well as on the duration of deposition. 

Drug molecules with amphiphilic character may form lyotropic mesophases, and amphiphilic excipients in drug formulations also form lyotropic liquid crystals. Especially surfactants, which are commonly used as emulsifiers in dermal formulations, associate to micelles after dissolution in a solvent. With increasing concentration of these micelles the probability of interaction between these micelles increases and thus the formation of liquid crystals. 

In the development of various equilibrium expressions, it was assumed implicitly that every internal energy state of the reactants (A + B) would have an equal probability of interacting on the particular Bom-Oppenheimer PES relevant to the chemical process of interest. The work described here clearly demonstrates that the validity of such an assumption can depend directly on symmetry considerations. Indeed, it is the propensity of reactants in motional states of a particular symmetry to preferentially interact on a Bom-Oppenheimer PES of a complementary symmetry when identical nuclei are present that is at the heart of the present theoretical description of SIKIE. 

Defects with large central cell correction have very localized wave functions. The larger the correction, the more localized the wave function and the higher the probability of interaction between the core (or central cell) and the electron and/or the exciton bound to the defect. Hence the reason why the line is so much smaller than the Q line in the spectrum, as well as the reason why the phonon replicas to the Q-line, is simply a matter of probability, since the central cell correction is so much larger for a nitrogen defect on a cubic site than a hexagonal site. 

Conceptually, the cross section is used as a measure of the probability of interaction between charged particles (and energetic neutrals) and atomic and molecular targets. ... 

A more quantitative expression of the pyrenyl side chain interactions can then be generated by the following analysis. Excimer formation on a polymer surface is dependent on three factors (1) the fraction of ligation, (2) the macromolecular constraints on the number of ligands any ligand could reach and interact with, and (3) the probability of interaction, that is, the dependency on the time course of excimer formation and the efficiency of the reaction. 

As the amount of polymer in the system increases, the probability of interaction of growing free radicals with polymeric (inactive) species either by transfer or, sometimes, by copolymerization through residual double bonds must increase. Because such reactions automatically give rise to branched and crosslinked species, reliable experimentation aimed at studying these processes is difficult to achieve. This follows from the fact that the region of the reaction in which study is essential is precisely that region in which there are rapid changes in the characteristics of the polymer produced, particularly in solubility. This is of... 

The a of each of these processes is proportional to the probability of interacting with phonons (i.e., proportional to a function of the number of phonons f T,Ep)) and density of states ... 

In all cases the recoil energy is too low to break the chemical bond (about 2.5 eV for one bond). The probability of interaction of the emitted beta particles directly with the electrons of the atom is also small. The non-adiabatic change (increase or decrease) of the nuclear charge in p - and /J -emissions results in ionization of the peripheral shell electrons, when the probability of ionization of K, L and M shells equals 10 , 10 and 5 X 10 only . 

The probability of interacting with matter in one of these three processes can be expressed as a cross section or as an absorption coefficient. The absorption coefficient contains the cross section and is therefore more practical in calculating absorption fractions (Hubbell, 1982). 

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