Printing xerography

Just as the growth of xerographic copying and laser-printing, which derives from xerography, was a physicists triumph, the development of fax machines was driven by chemistry, in the development of modern heat-sensitive papers most of which have been perfected in Japan. 

Electrophotography is the correct technical name for the non-impact electrostatic printing processes, which include photocopying, also commonly called xerography because of the company that developed the original systems (Xerox), and laser printing. ... 

The most familiar application of amorphous semiconductors will, for many readers, be in the field of replication of printed matter. The xerography process, npon which many modem photocopiers are based, involves the ability of an electrostatically charged plate of amorphous chalcogenide (or similar material) to discharge under illn-mination. Residual charging of illuminated areas is employed in the transfer of ink onto the duplicator paper. Naturally, the mobility of photoinduced carriers in the amorphons semiconductor photoreceptor is of central importance in the validity of the process, and considerable commercial effort has been (and is being) devoted to the study of transport in disordered materials suitable for the process. 

The development of xerography has led to new technologies that some predict will eventually eradicate traditional offset printing machines. These new machines, which print in full CMYK color (printing terminology for cyan, magenta, yellow, and black), such as Xeikon, use xerography but provide nearly the quality of traditional ink prints. 

Imaging technology Photographic emulsions xerography printing... 

For reasons of cost, image quality", and process speed, none of the above processes is competitive with xerography. For these reasons, there has been little commercial emphasis on alternative electrophotographic processes during the past two decades. For office and desktop nonimpact printing applications, the principal alternatives to xerography are thermography and inkjet. 

Uses Pigment in paints, printing inks, ceramic glazes, pyrotechnics, phosphors, fluorescent screens, scintillation counters, rectifiers photoconductor in xerography, transistors, photovoltaic cells, solar cells catalyst in photodecomposition of hydrogen sulfide Manuf./Distrib. ABCR http //www.abcr.de] Acres Org. http //www.acros.be] Barker Ind. http //www.barkerind.com] Noah http //www.noahtech.com... 

The adhesion of particles by such mechanisms is vitally important in Pharmaceuticals, xerography, semiconductors, printing, and agriculture. Many articles are written on these topics each year. A particular contribution has been made by Rimai, Demejo and Bowen in understanding the adhesion of toner particles which must transfer from a photoconductor to a receiva-. JKR behavior was observed for glass spheres on polyurethane, as shown in Fig. 9.22. Curious effects of large deformation, engulfment and hysteresis were seen. This hysteresis is to be considered next. 

Fig. Xil.5. Adhesion in xerography, in the stages of development of latent image (a), transfer of image to paper or forme base (b), and fixing of transferred image (c). (1) Semiconductor layer (2) conductive layer (3) toner particle (4) carrier particle (5) paper or forme base (6) prints (7) developed image.

---