Printex

N. Probst and J. C. Bouquin, Extra Conductive Black Printex XE2 and Its Multiple Facets in The Polymer Industy, Paper No. 59, Rubber Division, ALS... 

Figure 44. Stepwise approach to the achro-metric point of a Printex 35 offset printing ink by using Manox Easisperse and/or Pigment Blue 61 as toning pigment [3.199]...

So far LII has only been applied for aerosol processes without the consideration of particles dispersed in liquids. First, investigations were carried out with re-dispersed carbon blacks. Besides furnace blacks (Printex A, G, 25, 35, and 55), various gas carbon black particles (FW 18, Colour Black SI60 and S170, Printex U and U140) were also considered. The particles were suspended in different liquids and dispersed by ultrasonic excitation. The stability of the suspension was recorded by measuring the aggregate size distribution (diffusion diameter) with DLS. Moreover, this was done before and after the LII measurements in order to control the stability of the particle suspension. To achieve LII... 

Figure 40 Dependences of the signal decay time and the peak Lll signal on laser fluence for Printex G/ethanol suspension.

Table 6 Comparison of Lll signal decay times of Printex G for different laser fluences and solvents (Sommer and Leipertz, 2007)...

Fig. 3.24 Color coordinates of black gravure inks with different toning. 1 Pigment Black LCF = Printex 35, + 2-4 Pigment Black LCF/Vossen-Blau 705, S- Pigment Black LCF/[VB 705 Pigment Red 57 1 (4 1)], x 8-10 Pigment Black LCF/[VB 705 - Pigment Violet 27 (2 1)].

Fig. 3.26 Stepwise approach to the achromatic point of a Printex 35 offset printing ink by using Manox Easisperse and/or Pigment Blue 61 as toning pigment [3.191]. ) Printex 35, 2) Manox Easisperse , 3) Pigment Blue 61,4-6) Printex 35/Manox Easisperse , 7-9) Printex 35/Pigment Blue 61, 10-11)...

Printex 35/Manox Easisperse /Pigment Blue 61. Points 4 and 7 contain 3% blue pigment points 5 and 8, 6% points 6 and 9, 9%. Point 10 results from mixing 2% Manox Easisperse and 4% Pigment Blue 61 point 11 by mixing in the ratio 3 3. 

Soot samples collected from the engine running on fuel with additive were studied. Printex-U, a flame soot supplied by Degussa. was used as a reference material. 

The influence of the inlet concentration of NO was studied with four soot samples mixed with a supported platinum catalyst (I wt% Pi on ASA) at 650 K. The oxidation rate at 50% soot conversion is plotted as a function of the NO inlet concentration in Figure 12.2.a. From this figure it is clear that the influence of the NO concentration on the oxidation rate of the synthetic Printex-U and the diesel soots activated with copper or iron is comparable. There is a first order relation between the NO inlet concentration and the oxidation rate. For cerium activated soot, there is also a first order relation between the NO inlet concentration and the oxidation rate. In this case, however, the effect of NO is approximately twice as large as is the case with Printex-U, Phntex-U with a physical mixture of a cerium catalyst (not shown), and copper- or iron-activated soot. 

Kiraly, Z. and Dekany, I. (1989). Thermodynamics of multilayer adsorption of aqueous butanol solution onto printex and graphitized printex carbon-blacks. J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. I, 85, 3373-83,... 

At the concentration used, the different types of CB showed large differences in stabilizing effect (7 ). The extremes being Flamruss 101 at the low efficiency end and Printex V and Monarch 1100 on the other. 

Figure 12.2.a. Oxidation rate at 50 % conversion Influence of NO inlet concentration on the isothermal oxidation rate of the three systems investigated and Printex-U. In all experiments the temperature was 650 K and the used catalyst was platinum on ASA (1 wt.%). 

From flow-reactor experiments with stacked beds of supported platinum catalyst and Printex-U, discussed in [16], it was concluded that the platinum catalyst does not need to be mixed with the soot to be effective. The combination of platinum catalyst and gas phase NO is effective through the gas phase. 

In flow-reactor experiments, the effect of NO in the gas phase and a supported platinum catalyst mixed with the soot is twice as large for cerium when compared to that of copper, iron, and Printex-U. All other conditions are similar and, therefore, it is concluded that cerium catalyses the oxidation of soot with NO2. Because there is... 

Since it is difiScuh to obtain diesd soot with constant prop es (the composition dq> ids on the engine load) a model soot was applied (Printex-U, a flame soot kindly provided by Degussa). This soot has a N2-BET surface area of 96 mV and contains approximately 5 wt% of adsorbed hydrocarbons and 0 2-0.4 wt% sulfur. Catalytic soot oxidation temperatures were d ermined in a thermobalance (STA 1500H). About 4 mg catalyst, 2 mg soot and 54 mg SiC were applied as a sample. A heating rate of 10 K/min and a flow rate of 50 ml/min 21 vol% O2 in N2 wa"e used. The maximum of the DSC curve was defined as the oxidation temperature. Samples refored to as tight contact were intensively milled in a ball mill for one hour, before dilution with SiC and thermal analysis, whereas loose contact was established by simply mixing of the catalyst and soot with a spatula. 

A STA 1500 thermobalance from Polymer Laboratories was used to investigate the activity of the eutectic mixtures. The ratio catalyst Printex-U used was 4 1. The samples were diluted with silicon carbide. A heating rate of 5 K/min was applied in synthetic air. 

Figure 2. Oxidation rate (in mg C combusted / mg C initially present /s) of Printex-U at 650 K. The gas phase was 10 % O2 in argon. The experimental time on stream was the same for each experiment. The ratio soot catalyst was 1 4 (g/g).

In Figure 3, the influence of NO on the oxidation rate of Printex-U is shown. The eutectic mixture used for this experiment is CsVOs - M0O3. The influence of NO on the oxidation rate is significant, although the shape of the oxidation curve is not changed. 

---