Primary amines nomenclature

The word amine is derived from ammonia, and the class of compounds known as amine s therefore are commonly named as substituted ammonias. In this system, primary amines, having only one substituent on nitrogen, are named with the substituent as a prefix. More systematic nomenclature appends -amine to the longest chain, as for alcohols ... 

Information about lUPAC nomenclature of primary amines... 

In common nomenclamre most primary amines are named as alkylamines. In systematic nomenclature (blue names in parentheses below) they are named by adding the suffix -amine to the name of the chain or ring system to which the NH2 gfoup is attached with replacement of the final -e. Amines are classified as being priinaiy (1°), secondary (2°), or terdary (3°) on the basis of the number of organic gyoups attached to the nitrogen (Section 2.8). 

A primary amine is a compound containing an NH2 group connected to an alkyl group. lUPAC nomenclature allows two different ways to name primary amines. While either method can be used in most circumstances, the choice most often depends on the complexity of the alkyl group. If the alkyl group is rather simple, then the compound is generally named as an alkyl amine. With this approach, the alkyl substituent is identified followed by the suffix "amine." Below are several examples. 

In common nomenclature, amines are described as alkylamines. The common name of a primary amine results from naming the alkyl group bonded to the amino group (—NH2) and adding the suffix -amine. The entire name is written as one word. The common name for a secondary or tertiary amine is obtained by listing the alkyl groups alphabetically. When two or more identical alkyl groups are present, the prefixes di- and tri- are used. 

The nomenclature of amines is exceptional. By very long custom radical names may be attached to the ending amine, as in ethylamine but it is equally correct to add amine to the parent name, as indicated in Table 4, giving names such as phenanthren-1-amine, quinolin-8-amine, or even ethanamine. The latter practice is often reserved for more complex cases but that is not a necessary limitation. The same alternatives exist for ammonium salts. Secondary and tertiary amines are treated as substitution products of the most complex constituent primary amine, with N- prefixes when substitution elsewhere might be reasonable, as in triethylamine, dimethylamine,... 

Secondary and tertiary amines are in most cases still named radicofunc-tionally, in a manner that can easily be transformed into a substitutive naming mode based on the parent hydride name azane. Within the boundaries of conventional substitutive nomenclature, amines of that sort are interpreted as products of N-substitution of the most serior primary amine present. 

The primary (1), secondary (2 ), tertiary (3) and quaternary (4) nomenclature is used in a number of situations to define a carbon centre, or to define functional groups like alcohols, halides, amines and amides. Identifying functional groups in this way can be important because the properties and reactivities of these groups vary depending on whether they are primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary. 

Fig. 3.11 Structures of the tripodal complexes. The p, s, and t nomenclature for [Co(tren)(NH3)X]2+ ions denote primary, secondary and tertiary N centres respectively, trans to the in plane ammine (group being substituted) and anti and syn denote the relationship of the methyl substituent to this amine.

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