Pricing margin

Cost is a significant factor in the consumer s acceptance of substitute dairy foods. Table 20 shows the relative cost of substitute fat and protein in the various substitute foods. A comparison of retail prices of selected dairy products and corresponding substitutes in four supermarkets in the midwestem United States in the Fall of 1992 are shown in Table 21. In all cases the prices for the substitutes are lower than the prices of the respective dairy product. The smallest price margin is in the area where the substitute products are advertised as fat-reduced or cholesterol-free. 

Measures or trade practices relating to prices, margins and discounts which were in regular use by a significant proportion of the pharmaceutical industry on 1 January 1993 are outside the scope of the Code (see Clause 1.2) and are excluded from the provisions of this clause. Other trade practices are subject to the Code. The terms prices, margins and discounts are primarily financial terms. 

Decision variable Value (t/day) Dual price/ marginal ( /ton) Slack or surplus variable Value (t/day) Dual price/ marginal ( /ton)... 

Fly-up margins for the existing plant will relate to the average price/margin needed by the highest full cost new plant... 

Fig. 6.3 Determining which new plants will earn cost of capital and drive long-term prices/margins forthe industry.

As import prices often cap selling prices, margins will be squeezed as costs rise. .. we expect no change in current cement prices. 

This is a series of events that occurs on a continuum, and the main characteristic is the internally generated cash flows that provide the wherewithal for R D investment to come from the portfolio of existing products. To provide the necessary cash flows, this portfolio must contain products that have a range of price-marginal manufacturing cost differentials. 

Table 6 Pricing margins per kilogram of plastic granulate (selection) in for Ql/2009 (order of magnitude) [10]...

Table 6 lists pricing margins for a selected spectrum of plastics and metals. 

Traditionally, the imported naphtha price was linked with the crude price, and was considered as crude price plus l /bbl. However, recently the price margin has become as much as 4 to 6S/bbl due to the increasing demand, especially, in the Asian regions. 

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