Pressure-volume-temperature measurement

Reaction of K3Co(CN) with PMMA. A 1.0 g sample of PMMA and 1.0g of the cobalt compound were combined in a standard vessel and pyrolyzed for 2 hrs at 375°C. The tube was removed from the oven and the contents of the tube were observed to be solid (PMMA is liquid at this temperature). The tube was reattached to the vacuum line via the break-seal and opened. Gases were determined by pressure-volume-temperature measurements on the vacuum line and identified by infrared spectroscopy. Recovered were 0.22g of methyl methacrylate and 0.11 g of CO and C02. The tube was then removed from the vacuum line and acetone was added. Filtration gave two fractions, 1.27g of acetone insoluble material and 0.30g of acetone soluble (some soluble material is always lost in the recovery process). The acetone insoluble fraction was then slurried with water, 0.11 g of material was insoluble in water. Infrared analysis of this insoluble material show both C-H and C-0 vibrations and are classified as char based upon infrared spectroscopy. Reactions were also performed at lower temperature, even at 260°C some char is evident in the insoluble fraction. 

A. Mercury Manometers for Routine Work. The pressure-volume-temperature measurement of gases is the backbone of quantitative chemical vacuum line work. For these measurements an error of a few percent is frequently sufficient and may be attained by a simple U-manometer attached to a calibrated volume and read with ah inexpensive cathetometer. 

The following table provides a numerical listing of the P-p-T surface for carbon dioxide in the region of interest for supercritical fluid extraction and chromatography. These data were calculated using an empirical equation of state (the Schmidt-Wagner equation),12 the parameters of which were determined from a fit of experimental P-V-T (pressure-volume-temperature) measurements.3 8 Note that the pressures are tabulated in bars for convenience. The appropriate SI unit of pressure is the megapascal (1 bar = 0.1 MPa). 

Millen DJ, Mines GW (1974) Hydrogen bonding in the gas phase. Part II. Determination of thermodynamic parameters for amine-methanol systems from pressure, volume, temperature measurements. J Chem Soc Farad Dans II 70 693 -699... 

Beret, S. Prausnitz, J. M., "Densities of Liquid Polymers at High Pressure. Pressure-Volume-Temperature Measurements for Polyethylene, Polyisobutylene, Poly(vinyl acetate), and Poly(dimethylsiloxane) to 1 kbar, Macromolecules, 8, 536 (1975). 

Oels, H. J., and Rehage, G., Pressure-volume-temperature measurements on atactic polystyrene thermodynamic View, Macromolecules, 10, 1036-1043 (1977). 

Utracki, L. A., Interphase between nanoparticles and molten polymeric matrix pressure-volume-temperature measurements. Compos. Interface, 14, 229-242 (2007b). 

Prigogine, Trappeniers, and Mathot pressure-volume-temperature measurements lead zirconate titanate quaternary ammonium salts quasi-two-parameter theory rigid amorphous fraction Rheometrics extensional rheometer Rheometrics elongational rheometer for melts room temperature small-angle neutron scattering small-amplitude oscillatory shear flow small-angle x-ray scattering side-chain LCP... 

Keywords Poly(silane)s / Poly(carbosilane)s / Phase Behavior / Pressure-Volume-Temperature Measurement (pVT) / Deuterium NMR... 

A technique for determining the volumetric CTE (j8) from pressure-volume-temperature measurements was demonstrated. Out-of-plane linear CTEs (a ) were calculated firom the difference between the volumetric CTE and the sum of the in-plane linear CTEs (a and ay). Although the linear CTEs vary significantly with processing, the volumetric CTE is essentially constant. Therefore, in spin coated (planar) films, a decrease in the in-plane linear CTE (a = ay)... 

Gonfalvez FAMM, Costa CSMF, Ferreira CE, Bernardo JCS, Johnson I, Fonseca IMA (2011) Pressure-volume-temperature measurements of phosphonium-based ionic liquids and analysis with simple equations of state. J Chem Thermodyn 43 914—923... 

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