Pressure diagram and

An example of calculation of a shock tube flow with combustion and detonation were presented in Ref. 5. It was found that "/i>-layer aflfects dramatically transition to detonation of the Chapman-Jouguet type. This transition occurs after formation of the p-layer, and secondary local explosion in the re on of p-layer takes place. The space-time pressure diagrams and variation of the detonation wave velocity in time are presented schematically in Fig. 2. 

Binary vapor-liquid equilibria of ideal systems (a) boiling-point diagram (b) vapor-pressure diagram and (c) x-y diagram. 

By taking a free body at any depth in the total lateral pressure diagram and then summing the forces in the horizontal direction, one obtains the equation for the vertical spacing (Eq. [15.54]) ... 

Using this mixture as an example, consider starting at pressure A and isothermally reducing the pressure to point D on the diagram. At point A the mixture exists entirely in the liquid phase. When the pressure drops to point B, the first bubble of gas is evolved, and this will be a bubble of the lighter component, ethane. As the pressure continues to drop, the gas phase will acquire more of the heavier component and hence the liquid volume decreases. At point C, the last drop of liquid remaining will be composed of the heavier component, which itself will vaporise as the dew point is crossed, so that below... 

To appreciate the action of a drying agent of class (a), let us imagine some anhydrous copper sulphate in an evacuated vessel provided with a pressure gauge, and water is allowed to enter slowly the temperature is assumed constant at 25°. The results may be best expressed by means of a vapour pressure - composition diagram (Fig. 7, 20, 1). The initial system is represented by the point A the pressure will rise along AB until the monohydrate CuS04,H20 commences to form at B. 

The key to understanding dewatering by air displacement is the capillary pressure diagram. Figure 6 presents an example typical for a fine coal suspension there is a minimum moisture content, about 12%, called irreducible saturation, which cannot be removed by air displacement at any pressure and a threshold pressure, about 13 kPa. 

Fig. 7. (a) Pressure—enthalpy diagram and (b) system schematic for a compound cycle. 

Fig. 4. Boiling poiat (a) and phase diagram (b) for a minimum boiling biaary azeotropic system at constant pressure. B and C, D are representative...

P, V, h, and 5 interpolated and converted from Heat Exchanger Design Handbook, vol. 5, Hemisphere, Washington, DC, 1983 and reproduced in Beaton, C. F. and G. F. Hewitt, Physical Propeity Data for the Design Engineer, Hemisphere, New York, 1989 (394 pp-)- Other values compiled hy P. E. Liley An enthalpy-pressure diagram to 1000 psia, 250—500 F appears in J. Chem. Eng. Data 7, 1 (1962) 75-78. 

Values reproduced or converted from a tabulation by Tsykalo and Tabacbnikov in V A. Rabinovich (ed.), Theimophysical Propeities of Gases and Liquids, Stan-dartov, Moscow, 1968 NBS-NSF transl. TT 69-55091, 1970. Tbe reader may be reminded that very pure hydrogen peroxide is very difficult to obtain owing to its decomposition or instability, c = critical point. Tbe FMC Corp., Philadelphia, PA tech. bull. 67, 1969 (100 pp.) contains an enthalpy-pressure diagram to 3000 psia, 1100 K. 

The 1993 ASHRAE Handbook—Fundamentals (SI ed.) contains a table at closer temperature increments and also an enthalpy-log-pressure diagram from 0.1 to 35 bar, —80 to 220 C. For tables and a chart to 500 psia, 480 F, see Stewart, R. B., R. T. Jacobsen, et al., Theimodynamic Propeities of Refrigerants, ASHRAE, Atlanta, GA, 1986 (521 pp.). For specific heat, thermal conductivity, and viscosity, see Theimophysical Propeities of Refigerants, ASHRAE, 1993. 

The 1993 ASHRAE Handbook—Fundamentals (SI ed.) gives a saturation table from —100 to 25.92 C and an enthalpy-log-pressure diagram from 0.1 to 80 har, —100 to 280 C. Equations and constants approximated to the 1985 ASHRAE tables are given bv Mecarvk, K. and M. Masaryk, Heat Recovety Sustems and CHF, 11,... 

FIG. 22-2 Simple eutectic-phase diagram at constant pressure. (Zief and Wilcox, Fractional Solidification, i>c/. 1, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1967, p. 24.)... 

For a ternai y system, the phase diagram appears much like that in conventional liquid-liquid equilibrium. However, because a SCF solvent is compressible, the slopes of the tie lines (distribution coefficients) and the size of the two-phase region can vary significantly with pressure as well as temperature. Furthermore, at lower pressures, LLV tie-triangles appear upon the ternary diagrams and can become quite large. 

Polymer-Fluid Equilibria and the Glass Transition Most polymer systems fall in the Class HI or Class V phase diagrams, and the same system can often change from one class into the other as the polymer s molecular weight changes. Most polymers are insoluble in CO9 below 100°C, yet CO9 can be quite sohible in the polymer. For example, the sorption of CO9 into silicone rubber is highly dependent upon temperature and pressure, since these properties have a large influence on the density and activity of CO9. 

In die simulation model, die FCC system was subdivided into discrete elements and suitable subsystems. This model provided all die process parameters such as pressures, flowrates, and temperatures. Figure 6-44 shows die corresponding block diagram. (The model for die expander, piping systems, and vessels is based on a gas turbine model described by GHH Borsig in a paper by W. Blotenberg.)... 

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