Premix volume density

Figure 13.9 gives an example of droplet volume density distributions of emulsions obtained by pressing an emulsion premix through a membrane at transmembrane pressure differences varying from 3 bar to 11 bar. These pressure differences are 7.5- to 27.5-fold the minimum pressure difference required (capillary pressure). A hydrophilic polyamide membrane with a mean pore size of 0.8 pm was used. The emulsion premix consisted of 20% dispersed phase (vegetable oil). As continuous phase water containing emulsifier Tween 80 at a concentration of 2% was used. The Sauter diameter of the emulsion premix was X3,2 = 25 pm. 

In organizing the symposium, we made the usual division into solid and liquid rocket propellants. Most readers no doubt already know the relative merits of solid vs. liquid systems—viz., the instant readiness of solids (compared with cryogenic liquids), their higher density (important in volume-limited systems), and the relative simplicity of rocket construction liquids offer easy variation in thrust level and the attainment of higher specific impulses, the latter because physical separation permits the use of fuels and oxidizers that would be incompatible if premixed. 

With CARS the spatial resolution is greatly increased, in particular if BOX CARS is used. The focal volume from which the signal radiation is generated can be made smaller than 0.1 mm [344]. The local density profiles of reaction products formed in fiames or discharges can therefore be accurately probed without disturbing the sample conditions. The intensity of the stimulated anti-Stokes radiation is proportional to (3.3 la-3.3 lb). Figure 3.26 shows for illustration the H2 distribution in a horizontal Bunsen flame, measured from the CARS spectrum of the Q branch in H2. The H2 molecules are formed by the pyrolysis of hydrocarbon molecules [348]. Another example is the measurement of CARS spectra of water vapor in flames, which allowed one to probe the temperature in the postflame region of a premixed CH4 air flame [373]. 

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