Prefixes nitriles

In theory, three isoxazolines are capable of existence 2-isoxazoline (2), 3-isoxazoline and 4-isoxazoline. The position of the double bond may also be designated by the use of the prefix A with an appropriate numerical superscript. Of these only the 2-isoxazolines have been investigated in any detail. The preparation of the first isoxazoline, 3,5-diphenyl-2-isoxazoline, from the reaction of )3-chloro-)3-phenylpropiophenone with hydroxylamine was reported in 1895 (1895CB957). Two major syntheses of 2-isoxazolines are the cycloaddition of nitrile A-oxides to alkenes and the reaction of a,/3-unsaturated ketones with hydroxylamine. Since 2-isoxazolines are readily oxidized to isoxazoles and possess some of the unique properties of isoxazoles, they also serve as key intermediates for the synthesis of other heterocycles and natural products. 

The classes listed in Table 1-12 are families which exhibit the same regularity of boiling points, melting points, densities, and other properties seen in the hydrocarbon families we have already studied. Some of the families are named with characteristic suffixes while others have prefixes, or even separate words-in the names. For instance, alcohols are named with the suffix -ol. Ketones are named with the suffix -one. Amine and nitriles are named with the full suffix according to the family name. Ethers and halides usually have the full family name as a separate word, and nitro- and organometallic compounds have the prefix nitro- or the prefix corresponding to the hydrocarbon part of the organometallic molecule. 

In the presence of more senior functional groups, the nitrile function is expressed by the prefix cyano. ... 

Number of carbons (including the acyl carbon) Systematic prefix Accepted prefix for acyl and nitrile functional groups... 

The substances prepared in this way are called cyanides or nitriles. The name of a particular member of this class is determined by the radical in combination with the CN group. Thus, CH3CN is methyl cyanide or acetonitrile, and C2H6CN is ethyl cyanide or propionitrile. The prefix added to nitrile is derived from the name of the acid into which the nitrile passes on hydrolysis. 

Sn2 reactions are highly useful in organic synthesis because they enable us to convert one functional group into another—a process that is called a funcdonal group trausfonna-tion or a functional group interconversion. With the Sn2 reactions shown in Fig. 6.11, methyl, primary, or secondary alkyl halides can be transformed into alcohols, ethers, thiols, thioethers, nitriles, esters, and so on. Note. The use of the prefix thio- in a name means that a sulfur atom has replaced an oxygen atom in the compound.)... 

Thermoplastic Vulcanizate (TPV). TPVs are generally classified as f-TPV and p-TPV, wherein the prefixes indicate fully and partially vulcanized, respectively. Compounds of f-TPVs are typically made with EPDM and PP. In few special TPV compounds, EPDM is replaced by nitrile rubber, and natural rubber as well. The industry benchmark is TPV compounds, and they are sold under the trade name of Santoprene and marketed by Advanced Elastomer Systems (AES) Ltd. Mitsui is also dominant in the TPV based interior skins market in Europe. Seventy-five to 90 percent of TPV compounds are fully cross-linked with EPDM and are priced at approximately 1.80/lb. Two to 10 percent are par-... 

In certain circumstances the nitrile group must give precedence in the naming of a compound to, say, a carboxylic acid group. In this situation it is referred to in the name by the prefix cycaw-So, for example, the compound CH2(CN)COOH is called cyanoethanoic acid. 

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