Precipitation average

From 1943 through 1971 the precipitation at the Lake Arrowhead Fire District station about 1 mile ENE of the study area averaged 40.04 inches (January-December). The standard deviation of 18.05 was exceeded five times below and five times above the mean. The 1870—1970 average estimated from isohyetals (San Bernardino County Flood Control Agency map) is between 35 and 40 inches. A dry trend continued without interruption from 1959 through 1964 with precipitation averaging 11.21 inches below the 1943-1971 average. Since 1964 the annual precipitation was 1965, 67.19 1966, 38.01 1967, 55.87 1968, 20.06 1969, 98.54 1970, 34.61 and 1971, 33.80. 

Western Oklahoma and adjacent areas have a subhumid climate, with precipitation averaging 55 cm/yr. 

Hakaledin (64°07 N, 19°27 E) is situated in northwestern Sweden. The experimental area, 310-320 m above sea level, is above the highest postglacial coastUne with a sandy-silty glacial till. The soil is classified as a typic Orthic podzol (FAO-UNESCO, 1988). The annual precipitation averages 580 mm, and more than one-third of the precipitation falls as snow. The site has a harsh boreal climate, and monthly mean air temperature ranges from — 8.7°C in Febmary to 14.4°C in July (Dambrine et al, 1995). The Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stand was planted in 1963. The site was surveyed and the field plots (45 plots of 1(X) m ) were selected, and the manipulation treatments started in 1987. The selected treatments are I and IF. Further details regarding treatments are described by Linder (1995). 

FIGURE 10 Seasonal and annual precipitation totals for the England and Wales precipitation average, 1766-1999. The smooth curves highlight variations on decade time scales. 

Figure 6 Kinetics of precipitation for a nominal Zr concentration — 8 at.% evolution with time of the number iVp of precipitates in the simulation box, of precipitates average size < i >p, and of Zr concentration in the solid solution. Pull and dotted lines are respectively for the set of parameters with and without order corrections on triangles and tetrahedrons.

By carefully controlling the precipitation reaction we can significantly increase a precipitate s average particle size. Precipitation consists of two distinct events nu-cleation, or the initial formation of smaller stable particles of precipitate, and the subsequent growth of these particles. Larger particles form when the rate of particle growth exceeds the rate of nucleation. 

Precipitator appHcation Average value Typical range... 

Average values are based on typical efficiencies of precipitators purchased. Drift velocities will drop if higher efficiencies are required. Recomputed from data of reference 175. 

Precipita.tlon. Precipitation as tain, snow, sleet, or hail is governed by movement of air and is generally abundant wherever air currents are predominately upward. The greatest precipitation should therefore occur near the equator. The average annual rainfall in the United States is about 79 cm. 

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