Pre-drugs

By 1615 (two hours after LSD administration) all three subjects manifested behavior which was in marked contrast to that observed in the pre-drug state. Carter, who had been cooperative and communicative during the initial period after LSD ingestion, had retreated into an almost completely mute state. This was not, however, considered to be a stupor, but rather appeared to be the result of his suspiciousness, which often assumed paranoid proportions. He appeared to be quite restless, constantly pacing the floor and checking the doors. When questioned, he would not respond but merely smirked and looked away. ... 

Quite withdrawn and ruminative at times, he would suddenly come to life and enter into the ongoing discussion. During one interchange, he revealed he had once made a suicide attempt, which he had not mentioned during the pre-drug interview. His description of such experiences lacked much emotion. 

Follow-up cognitive and MMPI testing of the subjects who received EA 3167, at 1 and 6 months (Fig. 45), showed a small residual increase in the paranoid and schizophrenic subscales at 1 month, but at 6 months the profile had essentially returned to the pre-drug values. Differences in the three validity scales that persist may be due to attitudinal factors. Scores for intellectual functions returned to pre-test values during the same period, as shown previously for EA 3443 and EA 3580. ... 

Prior to the experiment, the twenty subjects had been matched in ten pairs on the basis of data from the pre-drug questionnaires, interviews, and psychological tests. Past religious experience, religious background, and general psycho-... 

Urine samples collected from two human subjects, prior to (minus 24 to 0 hours) and after (plus 2 to 6 hours) oral administration of 30 mg A9-THC, were hydrolyzed and extracted as described in the experimental section. Pre- and post-drug extracts corresponding to equivalent urinary creatinine levels were separated by reverse phase HPLC. The pre-drug extract was used as a... 

A peak was observed in the cannabinoid region of the post-drug extract which had a CBN-type ratio of 2. The region was clear in the pre-drug extract. The peak retention time did not match any of the available standards. Its elution time suggests that it is less polar than 88-OHA9-THC and slightly more polar than CBD.1... 

As was the case in the post-drug extract of subject 1, a peak with a CBN-class absorbance ratio of 2 was observed in the cannabinoid elution region of subject 2. Its elution region was blank in the pre-drug urine. The retention time again suggests a compound slightly more polar than CBD. 

The appearance of this CBN-class peak in the postdrug urines of both subjects and concomitant absence in the pre-drug urines suggests a CBN-type metabolite of A -THC. The metabolite retention time suggests a relatively nonpolar side-chain hydroxylated CBN (I) or... 

A peak was observed coincident with the retention time of A 9-THC-ll-oic acid, having an absorbance ratio of 26-32 in the post-drug extract. Its elution area was blank in the pre-drug chromatogram. 

Spring Grove researchers of Turek, Soskin and Kurland studied ten subjects given 70 mg. of the levo-isomer orally and observed a drop in blood pressure "followed by a rise during the second and third hours after administration, returning to the pre-drug pressure at the fifth hour. MDA also induces sleeplessness in some people, although not as often or severely as equivalent amounts of amphetamine. 

Changes in parameters measured after drug administration are compared to control values obtained during the 20 min pre-drug period. 

The differences of the metabolic blood parameters after compound administration are calculated with respect to the pre-drug values and against a control group, which has received the vehicle only. The metabolic tissue parameters at the end of the study are assessed between control and treatment group. 

Protocol 3 Stem sis+Epinephrine Infusion If protocol 1 does not lead to CFRs, additionally epinephrine (0.2 pg/kg/min) is infused into a peripheral vein for 2 times over 60 min (60 min before and 60 min following drug administration). CFRs are registered and compared in the 60 min post-drug phase to the 60 min pre-drug phase. 

CFRs are registered and compared in the drug-treated, second PAF phase to the pre-drug, first PAF phase. 

Fried PA, Watkinson B, Gray R. Neurocognitive consequences of marihuana—comparison with pre-drug performance. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2005 27 231-9. 

Like the transporters for the catecholamines and serotonin, those for their precursor amino acids are not of very high specificity. This has been exploited in various ways for pharmacotherapy. A very important example is the use of L-DOPA as a pre-drug to substitute dopamine to the brain in patients with Parkinson s disease (Figure 10.18a). Dopamine itself cannot cross the blood brain barrier. However, L-DOPA is accepted by an amino acid carrier that normally transports aromatic amino acids. It can thus enter the brain and there be decarboxylated to dopamine. 

S. Paul, X. Jiang, S. Rai, and U. Balasooriya, Test of treatment effect in pre-drug and post-drug count data with zero-inflation. Statist Med 23 1541-1554 (2004). 

Data are presented as percent of motor improvement over pre-drug baseline at the indicated time points (Menzaghi et al., 1999). 

I apologize for having invented this term, now too widely used to alter, for literary purists tell me they would have preferred pre-drug . 

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