PPAR-y gene

Moreover, studies about lipidogenesis and lipid metabolism have focused on a nuclear receptor, peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor y (PPAR-y). PPAR-y gene is a good example for involvement in a gene-environment interaction. Activation of PPAR-y leads to peroxisome proliferation and increased oxidation of fatty acids. PPAR-y activation results in adipocyte differentiation as well as improved insulin signaling of mature adipocytes. PPAR-y is associated with insulin resistance and blood pressure [5]. In individuals with a specific polymorphism in the PPAR-y (Prol2Ala), a low polyunsaturated-to-saturated fat ratio has been demonstrated to be associated with an increase in body mass index and fasting insulin concentrations [88]. 

C) Thiazolidinediones bind a nuclear receptor in tissue termed PPAR-y, which augments the expression of insulin-regulated genes. 

Andersen, O., V.G.H. Eijsink andM. Thomassen. Multiple variants of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) y are expressed in the liver of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Gene 255 411—418, 2000. 

The PPAR-y receptor belongs to a family of nuclear receptors. When activated, these receptors translocate to the nucleus where they regulate the transcription of genes encoding proteins involved in the metabolism of carbohydrate and lipids. The answer is (D). 

TTA induces peroxisomal and mitochondrial P-oxidation enzymes in addition to several other enzymes in lipid metabolism. Furthermore, TTA functions as a ligand for PPAR-a and PPAR-y and it stimulates both peroxisomal and mitochondrial proliferation. An increasing amount of genes that are known to carry PPAR response elements (PPREs) is reported, and differential regulation by these receptors is likely to affect the growth potential. The result of TTA treatment is a reorganization of the cellular lipid metabolism towards an increased metabolic activity. 

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