Power index

Notice that the carbon black hller reduces the rate of cut growth, but has only a small effect on the power index. Generally, it appears that abrasion occurs mainly in the third region, except when the abrasive track is very sharp. In this case the number of cycles to detach a small piece of rubber becomes small and the abrasion is proportional to the reciprocal of the energy density at break of the rubber compound. 

For different acceptor particle adsorption isotherms expressions (1.85) - (1.89) provide various dependencies of equilibrium values of <7s for a partial pressure P (ranging from power indexes up to exponential). Thus, in case when the logarithmic isotherm Nt InP is valid the expression (1.85 ) leads to dependence <75 P" often observed in experiments [20, 83, 155]. In case of the Freundlich isotherm we arrive to the same type of dependence of - P" observed in the limit case described by expression (1.87). 

Various correlations for mean droplet size generated by plain-jet, prefilming, and miscellaneous air-blast atomizers using air as atomization gas are listed in Tables 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, and 4.10, respectively. In these correlations, ALR is the mass flow rate ratio of air to liquid, ALR = mAlmL, Dp is the prefilmer diameter, Dh is the hydraulic mean diameter of air exit duct, vr is the kinematic viscosity ratio relative to water, a is the radial distance from cup lip, DL is the diameter of cup at lip, Up is the cup peripheral velocity, Ur is the air to liquid velocity ratio defined as U=UAIUp, Lw is the diameter of wetted periphery between air and liquid streams, Aa is the flow area of atomizing air stream, m is a power index, PA is the pressure of air, and B is a composite numerical factor. The important parameters influencing the mean droplet size include relative velocity between atomization air/gas and liquid, mass flow rate ratio of air to liquid, physical properties of liquid (viscosity, density, surface tension) and air (density), and atomizer geometry as described by nozzle diameter, prefilmer diameter, etc. 

Generally, the mean droplet size is proportional to liquid surface tension, and inversely proportional to liquid density and vibration frequency. The proportional power index is —1/3 for the surface tension, about -1/3 for the liquid density, and -2/3 for the vibration frequency. The mean droplet size may be influenced by two additional parameters, i.e., liquid viscosity and flow rate. As expected, increasing liquid viscosity, and/or flow rate leads to an increase in the mean droplet size,[13°h482] while the spray becomes more polydisperse at high flow rates.[482] The spray angle is also affected by the liquid flow rate, vibration frequency and amplitude. Moreover, the spray shape is greatly influenced by the direction of liquid flow (upwards, downwards, or horizontally).[482]... 

In the empirical correlation proposed by Kato et al.,[503] the mean droplet size is inversely proportional to the water pressure, with a power index of 0.5 for conical shaped annular-jet atomizers, and 0.7-1.0 for V-shaped flat-jet atomizers. This suggests a lower efficiency of the annular-jet atomizers in terms of spray fineness at high water pressures. The data of Kato et al.15031 were obtained for water pressures lower than 10 MPa. Seki et al.15021 observed the similar trend in the water atomization of nickel and various steels at higher water pressures (>10 MPa). Since k is dependent on both... 

It is common to compare the output of different explosives as their TNT equivalent , this being the weight of TNT that would produce the same explosive effect in similar circumstances. In the Berthelot method, the TNT equivalent is taken as the ratio of the power index of the explosive divided by the power index of TNT. The result is usually expressed as a percentage. 

Explosive Power vs Oxygen Balance, Correlation of. The relationship of oxygen balance to expl power as measured by ballistic mottathas been studied empirically. Starting from modified oxygen, balance developed for detonation velocity calculations, a numerical measure called the power index is derived which correlates closely the features of molecular structure with.the power values. Expl power has also been expressed as an additive function of details of molecular structure. This is the basis for a method whereby power values may be derived which agree with experimental results to about... 

In order to calculate the power index of an explosive, its explosive power (as calculated above), is compared with the explosive power of a standard explosive (usually picric acid) that is, (Equation 1.16) ... 

Values of power index for some primary and secondary explosives are given in the Table 1.7 which shows that the values for power index of secondary explosives are more than the values for primary explosives. 

Tablel.7 Power index values of some primary and secondary explosives (standard-picric acid).

The value for the explosive power is then compared with the explosive power of a standard explosive (picric acid) resulting in the power index, as shown in Equation 5.13, where data for <2(picric acid) and E(picricacid) are 3250 kJ kg 1 and 0.831 dm3 g 1, respectively. 

Table 5.14 The power index of some primary and secondary explosive substances taking picric acid as the standard...

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