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Potential forces

Other situations may also occur that allow a simple determination of the sensitivity factor. When, for example, a sufficiently negative electrode potential forces all minority carriers to drift into the interior of the semiconductor electrode, where they recombine subject to the bulk lifetime Tfr we will see a limiting PMC signal (given a sufficiently thick electrode). Knowing the photonflux /0 (corrected for reflection), we may expect the following formula to hold ... [Pg.493]

The current level of understanding of how aggregates form and break is not up to par with droplet breakup and coalescence. The reasons for this discrepancy are many Aggregates involve multibody interactions shapes may be irregular, potential forces that are imperfectly understood and quite susceptible to contamination effects. [Pg.161]

Many engineering operations involve the separation of solid particles from fluids, in which the motion of the particles is a result of a gravitational (or other potential) force. To illustrate this, consider a spherical solid particle with diameter d and density ps, surrounded by a fluid of density p and viscosity /z, which is released and begins to fall (in the x = — z direction) under the influence of gravity. A momentum balance on the particle is simply T,FX = max, where the forces include gravity acting on the solid (T g), the buoyant force due to the fluid (Fb), and the drag exerted by the fluid (FD). The inertial term involves the product of the acceleration (ax = dVx/dt) and the mass (m). The mass that is accelerated includes that of the solid (ms) as well as the virtual mass (m() of the fluid that is displaced by the body as it accelerates. It can be shown that the latter is equal to one-half of the total mass of the displaced fluid, i.e., mf = jms(p/ps). Thus the momentum balance becomes... [Pg.347]

Much less is known about the role of the SR in excitation—contraction coupling in the rat ureter, where InsP3 release predominates, but as will be discussed below its role in Ca2+ signalling in single cells has been studied. It is expected from this that the SR s contribution will be to potentiate force production. [Pg.213]

In Kramers classical one dimensional model, a particle (with mass m) is subjected to a potential force, a frictional force and a related random force. The classical equation of motion of the particle is the Generalized Langevin Equation (GLE) ... [Pg.3]

Assume for simplicity that there is just one ionic species in the system with big ions, whose finite radius r0 should be taken into consideration. Denote their concentration by C. Assume further that besides the electric force —zVip there is another short-range potential force — Vip acting on the ion that prevents its approaching another ion closer than 2ro- To account for this assume for the potential ip a steep smooth monotonic dependence on C of the sort... [Pg.19]

The slope of the potential is zero for all directions and only one of the 3N-6 principal curvatures is negative. As it is an important fact that only one curvature is negative we must define what is meant by principal curvatures. At any point on the surface we can establish a matrix of second derivatives of the potential (force constants)... [Pg.104]

Additional forces would be added to the chemical potential force if, for example, the particle possessed a magnetic moment and a magnetic field were present. As will be seen, many possibilities for total forces exist depending upon the types of components and fields present. [Pg.33]

Anhy2drous calcium sulfoaluminate is formed by calcination of lime, gypsum and bauxite. The active expansive ingredient, C A S is formed by solid-state reaction from mixtures of compounds composed of calcium oxide, aluminum oxide, sulfur trioxide gas formed during the calcination of gypsum, and bauxite. Crystal growth of CSAs is encouraged to proceed at a slow rate to preserve the potential force of expansion for extended periods [76],... [Pg.244]

Solid Liquid Sedimentation potential" Force of gravity Potential difference... [Pg.65]

FIG. 18. Oi is the closest point to colloid 2 on colloid 1 and vice versa. The axis between the closest points is denoted O1Z1-O2Z2. The potential (force) at a point is determined by addition from all points at the opposite particle with the correct distance between the points z = bo+zi+z2. [Pg.504]

In Eq. (6.303), the first term represents the drift in the potential force field Vand the second is the diffusional drift given by Fick s law. Combining Eq. (6.302) withEq. (6.303), we have... [Pg.355]

Equation (6.308) implies that the isotropic diffusive motion along the coordinate axes is independent. Here, V V/KT is the drift due to an external potential force field V, while Vcr/cr represents an internal drift caused by a concentration gradient of the traps. The term PV(e /a2) is the spurious drift term. Equation (6.308) allows spatial variations of all parameters T, V, T>. and a with inhomogeneous temperature. FromEq. (6.308), the diffusion coefficient becomes... [Pg.356]

It is known that the method used to truncate the interatomic interactions can have an important effect. It has been demonstrated that the dielectric properties of simulated water are a sensitive function of the extent to which the long-range electrostatic interactions are included [40]. Simulations of phospholipid membrane-water systems showed that the behavior of the water near the membrane is incorrectly described if the electrostatic interactions are truncated at too short a distance, and hot water/cold-protein behavior is observed [10]. Given the importance of the potential/force truncation, we have investigated this issue for the copper system being simulated. This has been done in terms of the same properties as were used in examining convergence. [Pg.722]

This potential force occurs in microstructured fluids like microemulsions, in cubic phases, in vesicle suspensions and in lamellar phases, anywhere where an elastic or fluid boundary exists. Real spontaneous fluctuations in curvature exist, and in liposomes they can be visualised in video-enhtuiced microscopy [59]. Such membrane fluctuations have been invoked as a mechanism to account for the existence of oil- or water-swollen lamellar phases. Depending on the natural mean curvature of the monolayers boimding an oil region - set by a mixture of surfactant and alcohol at zero -these swollen periodic phases can have oil regions up to 5000A thick With large fluctuations the monolayers are supposed to be stabilised by steric hindrance. Such fluctuations and consequent steric hindrance play some role in these systems and in a complete theory of microemulsion formation. [Pg.112]

FIGURE 17.4 Sometimes standard reduction potentials are represented to scale. In this diagram the distance between a pair of standard half-cell potentials Is proportional to the generated by the electrochemical cell that combines the two. The halfreaction with the higher reduction potential forces the other half-reaction to occur in the reverse direction. [Pg.714]

Nevertlieless the sketched picture provides the most basic view of a glass transition in colloidal suspensions, connecting it with the increase of the structural relaxation time T. Increased density or interactions cause a slowing down of particle rearrangements which leave the HI relatively unaffected, as these solvent mediated forces act on all time scales. Potential forces dominate the slowest particle rearrangements because vitrification corresponds to the limit where they actually prevent the final relaxation of the microstructure. The structural relaxation time T diverges at the glass transition, while stays finite. Thus close to arrest a time scale separation is possible, T T . [Pg.77]


See other pages where Potential forces is mentioned: [Pg.2298]    [Pg.379]    [Pg.12]    [Pg.87]    [Pg.689]    [Pg.11]    [Pg.19]    [Pg.208]    [Pg.277]    [Pg.8]    [Pg.55]    [Pg.341]    [Pg.409]    [Pg.338]    [Pg.3]    [Pg.50]    [Pg.580]    [Pg.185]    [Pg.90]    [Pg.166]    [Pg.378]    [Pg.14]    [Pg.536]    [Pg.694]    [Pg.217]    [Pg.95]    [Pg.95]    [Pg.237]    [Pg.489]    [Pg.99]    [Pg.379]    [Pg.311]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.425 ]




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An introduction to the potential of mean force

Approximate Relations for Potentials of Mean Force

Atomic force microscopy membrane potentials

CHARMM force field potential energy surface

Calculating Potentials of Mean Force

Cell potential force

Central force potential

Central forces potential energy

Centrifugal force field potential

Chemical potential force

Chemical potential gradient based forc

Coarsed-Grained Membrane Force Field Based on Gay-Berne Potential and Electric Multipoles

Consistent force field potential energy function

Consistent force field type potentials

Dispersion force Potential

Drag force potential flow

Driving forces chemical potential gradients

Driving forces electrical potential differences

Electrical forces key parameters (Debye length and zeta potential)

Electrochemical potential electromotive force

Electrode Potentials and Electromotive Forces

Electrode potentials, standard calculating electromotive force from

Electromotive force Galvani potential difference

Electromotive force electrochemical potential difference

Electromotive force equilibrium electrode potential

Electromotive force potential

Electromotive force series electrode potentials

Electromotive force standard equilibrium potential

Electrostatic forces zeta potential

Encounter and Reaction Dynamics on the Potential of Mean Force

Excluded volume forces mean-field potential

Force and potential

Force and potential energy

Force derived from potential energy

Force field models, empirical effective pair potentials

Force field potential

Force field potentials modeling

Force potential profile

Force-modified potential energy surface

Forces and Potential Energy in Atoms

Forces and Potential Energy in Molecules Formation of Chemical Bonds

Interaction forces potential

Intermolecular Potentials and Force Fields

Intermolecular forces Lennard-Jones potential

Intermolecular forces and potential energy

Intermolecular forces electrostatic potential energy surface

Intermolecular forces potential energy

Intermolecular forces square well potential

Intermolecular potential force center

Interparticle forces potential

Interparticle forces total potential energy

Introduction - key forces and potential energy plots - overview

Ionization potential forces between

Knowledge-Based Potential of Mean Force

Knowledge-based potential of mean forc

Lennard Jones force constants potential

Lennard-Jones potential force fields

London force potential energy

Long-range potential forces

Modification of the potential surface by an applied force

Molecular potential force constants

Molecular potentials long-range forces

Molecular potentials short-range forces

Morse potential Force Field

Morse potentials force field methods

Oxidation potentials driving force

Pair hydrophobicity and potential of mean force between two hydrophobic solutes

Potential Analysis Method Using Photon Force Measurement

Potential Analysis Method for Hydrodynamic Force Measurement

Potential Energy Due to the van der Waals-London Force

Potential Energy Surfaces and Intermolecular Forces

Potential Fields and Force Constants

Potential Functions and Repulsive Forces

Potential energy central force problem

Potential energy electromotive force

Potential energy force

Potential energy force field

Potential energy functions protein force fields

Potential energy surfaces force field methods

Potential energy surfaces force-constant matrix

Potential energy surfaces intermolecular forces

Potential flow interfacial force

Potential force) barrier

Potential gradients as the driving force

Potential intermolecular force

Potential mean force

Potential mean force calculations

Potential of Average Force and Helmholtz Energy Changes

Potential of Average Force between the Subunits

Potential of Average Force in Mixtures

Potential of average force

Potential of mean constraint force

Potential of mean force

Potential of mean force in mixtures

Potential of mean force surface

Potentials of Mean Force and Solvent Structure

Potentials of the average force

Potentials quartic force fields

Reduction potentials driving force

Semi-empirical force field potential

Shifted-force Coulomb potential

Shifted-force potential

Stochastic Dynamics with a Potential of Mean Force

Surface potentials force-distance curves

The Potential of Mean Constraint Force

The potential of mean force

Transition-state theory and the potential of mean force

Umbrella Sampling and the Potential of Mean Force

Valence force field potentials

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