Potential equivalent

The discussion of the mechanisms and models of the relaxation process given in Section 2.5 shows that the application of time-resolved methods produces substantial advantages in accessing dynamical information, but it does not allow the complete pattern of the dynamic process to be obtained. The analysis of the experimental results requires that a particular dynamic model be assumed. Information on the dynamics is obtained from studies of the dependence of emission intensity on two parameters the frequency (or the wavelength) of emission and on time. The function 7(vem, t) may be investigated by two types of potentially equivalent experiments ... 

VII. Lorenz Vector Potential without Scalar Potential Equivalent Electric Dipole... 

VII. LORENZ VECTOR POTENTIAL WITHOUT SCALAR POTENTIAL EQUIVALENT ELECTRIC DIPOLE... 

Are exact Kohn-Sham potentials equivalent to local functions 3... 

Methylene-l,3,2-dioxathiolane. Y-oxides, potential equivalents of allene oxides, can be obtained by treatment of a-hydroxyketones with thionyl chloride (Equation 23) <1999T10845>. 

Using the NR potential equivalent to the Morse potential fitted in [77] allows us to level out the quality of description of the LS and HS complexes of Fe2+. 

Figure 3.3.14 Experimental ORR activity of dealloyed Pt-Cu and Pt-Ni core-shell nanoparticle ORR catalysts compared to a pure-Pt nanoparticle catalyst. All three catalyst particles are supported on a high surface area carbon material indicated by the suffix 1C. The shift of the j-E curve of the core-shell catalysts indicates the onset of oxygen reduction catalysis at a more anodic electrode potential (equivalent to a lower overpotential) and hence represents improved ORR reactivity compared to pure Pt.

Aromatic chemicals are metabolized into unstable arene-oxides, which, as epoxides, are comparable to potentially equivalent electrophilic carbocations. These metabolites react easily with thiol groups derived from proteins, leading, for example, to hepatotoxicity. Bromobenzene seems to target a large group of functionally diverse hepatic proteins, as demonstrated recently in a proteomic analysis. The chemical is oxidized (Figure 33.10) into a 3,4-epoxide, which... 

The equalization principle for the electronic chemical potential (equivalently, the electronegativity equalization principle) may be couched in a form reminiscent of the argument from classical thermodynamics [4], However, the chemical potential equalization principle follows most directly from the variational principle and, in particular, Eq. (32). First, define the local chemical potential by... 

A fraction of a CO2 extract of hops showed an estrogenic potential equivalent to that of red clover. The extract demonstrated competitive ER binding, activation of transiently transfected ERE-luciferase, and alkaline phosphatase enzyme induction (Overk et al. 2005). 

In finding the shape of the profile between the two phases it is W n) that is used as the local free energy since the minimization occurs at constant chemical potential (equivalent to constant average density), hence the subtraction of the term fin in g and W. Furthermore, the interfacial free energy is the difference between the free energy of the system with an interface and that of the bulk fluid or gas, hence the subtraction of gh to arrive at... 

Starting from this form one will further run the Onsanger-Matchlup harmonic potential (equivalent with the Brownian movement) form ... 

Likewise, since the most effective way to reduce emissions is to increase the energy efficiency of the generation process, please ascertain the potential equivalent cost reduction vis-a-vis improvements in energy efficiency, and hence, determine the limiting minimum power cost at 100% efficiency. If data are available for the generation station under evaluation, determine the pertinent potential cost savings due to improvements in the energy efficiency. 

E = electrical stress or potential (equivalent to mechanical stress), and C = capacity (equivalent to compliance). 

The impedance spectra are acquired at twenty frequencies ranging from 0.1 Hz to 100 kHz at an applied potential equivalent to the E of the individual Fc-peptide cystamine film. Figure 6.9a is a typical example of the impedance plot in the capacitance plane for films of 2 in the absence and the presence of Ca " ions. Fitting of the experimental impedance spectra to an equivalent circuit allows us to evaluate the individual components of the equivalent circuit. A constant phase element... 

---