Potential energy curves research

Potential Energy Curves. The MO calculations for ethylene, as performed by Mulliken [384, 385], represent a basis for potential energy curves of various classes of ofefins. The potential surfaces of excited states of stilbene have been calculated by several researchers [38, 40, 42, 385-396], The question of whether tram - cis photoisomerization of stilbene proceeds via a singlet or a triplet mechanism has been discussed by several groups (see Section VI.A. 1). It seems to us that on the basis of theoretical calculations this question could not have been answered unequivocally. 

Otherwise it has been shown that the accumulation of electrolytes by many cells runs at the expense of cellular energy and is in no sense an equilibrium condition 113) and that the use of equilibrium thermodynamic equations (e.g., the Nemst-equation) is not allowed in systems with appreciable leaks which indicate a kinetic steady-state 114). In addition, a superposition of partial current-voltage curves was used to explain the excitability of biological membranes112 . In interdisciplinary research the adaptation of a successful theory developed in a neighboring discipline may be beneficial, thus an attempt will be made here, to use the mixed potential model for ion-selective membranes also in the context of biomembrane surfaces. 

Hubbert (2) shows a graph of the estimated world use of the available fossil energy by combustion. The area under the curves represents the 50 X 1018 kcal. of energy thought to be available. Consumption patterns are shown by curves A and B. The small black space at the lower left hand comer shows the energy which has been burned so far. From this it is seen that fundamental and applied combustion research has a tremendous payoff potential in the near (100 years) future. 

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