Posttraumatic stress disorder evaluation

Baker DG, West SA, Nicholson WE, Ekhator NN, Kasckow JW, Hill KK, Bruce AB, Orth DN, Geracioti TD Jr (1999) Serial CSF corticotropin-releasing hormone levels and adrenocortical activity in combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder [published erratum appears in Am J Psychiatry 1999 Jun 156(6) 986]. Am J Psychiatry 156 585-588 Bonne O, Brandes D, Segman R, Pitman RK, Yehuda R, Shalev AY (2003a) Prospective evaluation of plasma cortisol in recent trauma survivors with posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychiatry Res 119 171-175... 

Harvey AG, Bryant RA. The relationship between acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder a 2-year prospective evaluation. J Consult Clin Psychol 1999 67 985-988. 

During WWII, extensive testing of HD was undertaken (by the U.S. Army) for the purpose of evaluating the effectiveness of decontamination and protective equipment. Volunteers in such tests were found to have increased posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD 17% prevalence and 33% subdiagnostic PTSD prevalence) when evaluated 50 years later (Schnurr et al., 1996). The number of exposures to the gas was predictive of lifetime PTSD. No acute exposures to HD or immediate problems were reported. McDonough and Romano, in Chapter 4 of this book, discuss reports of the human volunteer experiments done in the United Kingdom over a 50 year period. They reported that there was no evidence that exposure of volunteers to low doses of nerve agents resulted in any adverse medical sequelae, to include psychiatric symptoms. 

Silverman JJ, Hart RP, Garrettson LK, et al Posttraumatic stress disorder from penta-borane intoxication neuropsychiatric evaluation and short-term follow-up. JAMA 254 2603-2608,1985... 

Casualties from WWI and from the Iran-Iraq conflict were noted to be long-term mood and anxiety disorders, as well as posttraumatic stress disorder (Balali-Mood, 1986 Tabatabaee, 1988 Hashemian et al., 2006). Debility, loss of vitality, impaired concentration, sensory hypersensitivity, diminished libido, weakened potency, neuralgic symptoms, and disorders in autonomic regulation are common manifestations. Neuropsychiatric evaluation of 1,428 Iranian veterans 3-9 years after exposure to SM revealed anxiety (15%), depression (46%), personality disorders (31%), convulsions (6%), and psychosis (3%) (Tabarestani et al., 1988). Disorders of... 

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